Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-wjfd9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-31T03:51:50.272Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Optimizing Botulinum Toxin Injections by Minding the Muscle Architecture and Its Innervation Zone: The “Seeding” Technique

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2024

Bayram Kaymak ,
Murat Kara ,
Ahmad Jasem Abdulsalam Open the ORCID record for Ahmad Jasem Abdulsalam [Opens in a new window] ,
Vincenzo Ricci  and
Levent Özçakar
Bayram Kaymak
Affiliation:
Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
Murat Kara
Affiliation:
Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
Ahmad Jasem Abdulsalam*
Affiliation:
Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mubarak Alkabeer Hospital, Kuwait
Vincenzo Ricci
Affiliation:
Physical and Rehabiliation Medicine Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milano, Italy
Levent Özçakar
Affiliation:
Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
*
Corresponding author: Ahmad Jasem Abdulsalam; Email: dr.ahmad.j.abdulsalam@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Keywords

innervation zonespasticitystroketoxinultrasound

Information

Type
Letter to the Editor: New Observation
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 52 , Issue 5 , September 2025 , pp. 854 - 856
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Kaymak, B, Kara, M, On, AY, Soylu, AR, Özçakar, L. Innervation zone targeted botulinum toxin injections. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2018;54:100–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lapatki, BG, van Dijk, JP, van de Warrenburg, BP, Zwarts, MJ. Botulinum toxin has an increased effect when targeted toward the muscle’s endplate zone: a high-density surface EMG guided study. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;122:1611–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beard, M. Translocation, entry into the cell. Foster KA. Molecular aspects of botulinum neurotoxin. New York: Springer; 2014:151–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergethon, PR. Transport-a non-equilibrium process. The physical basis of biochemistry the foundations of molecular biophysics. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2010:605–10.Google Scholar
Elwischger, K, Kasprian, G, Weber, M, et al. Intramuscular distribution of botulinum toxin-visualized by MRI. J Neurol Sci. 2014;344:76–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aquilonius, SM, Arvidsson, B, Askmark, H, Gillberg, PG. Topographical localization of end-plates in cryosections of whole human biceps muscle. Muscle Nerve. 1982;5:418.Google ScholarPubMed
Levick, JR. Flow through interstitium and other fibrous matrices. Q J Exp Physiol. 1987;72:409–437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolsterlee, B, Veeger, HE, van der Helm, FC, Gandevia, SC, Herbert, RD. Comparison of measurements of medial gastrocnemius architectural parameters from ultrasound and diffusion tensor images. J Biomech. 2015;48:1133–1140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Kaymak et al. supplementary material

Kaymak et al. supplementary material
Download Kaymak et al. supplementary material(File)
File 12.6 MB