Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-nwzlb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T09:30:53.669Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bromocriptine and the Clinical Spectrum of Parkinson's Disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2016

Richard J. Riopelle*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine (Neurology), Queen's University, Kingston
*
La Salle Building, Room 101, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

As the direct agonist with the widest clinical use, bromocriptine provides a unique window into the clinical spectrum of Parkinson's disease. The efficacy of bromocriptine for therapy of de novo Parkinson's disease has recently been confirmed using a double-blind design with L-Dopa (Sinemet). Over a period of 5.5 months, bromocriptine was found to be as effective as L-Dopa in reducing the functional and neurological disability of Parkinson's disease. This study complements others and demonstrates a role for bromocriptine as de novo therapy. A longitudinal study comparing bromocriptine with L-Dopa is underway, but previous observations with bromocriptine suggest modest, transient beneficial effects with significantly less fluctuation of disability and less dyskinesia when used alone or in combination with L-Dopa. The transient benefits of bromocriptine on progressive disability suggest that both pre-and post-synaptic defects are eventually involved in Parkinson's disease. While agonists with improved efficacy and minimal side effects are required for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease, strategies to protect pre- and post-synaptic neuron populations against progressive dysfunction must be developed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1987

References

REFERENCES

1.Calne, DB. Teychenne, PF, Claversia, LE, et al. Bromocriptine in Parkinsonism. Br Med J 1974: 4: 442444.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Markham, CH, Diamond, SG. Long-term follow-up of early dopa treatment in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 1986; 19: 365372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Hoehn, MM, Yahr, MD. Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality. Neurology 1967; 17: 427442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Duvoisin, RC. The evaluation of extrapyramidal disease. In: de Ajuriagena, J, ed. Monamines: Noyaux Gris Centraux et Syndrome de Parkinson. Paris: Masson, 1970: 313325.Google Scholar
5.Canter, JC, De La Torre, R, Mier, M. A method for evaluating disability in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neur Ment Dis 1961; 7: 133143.Google Scholar
5a.Calne, DB, Williams, AC, Nutt, JG. et al. Ergot derivatives for Parkinsonism. Med J Austr Spec Suppl 1978; 2(3): 2526.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5b.Lees, AJ, Haddad, S, Shaw, KM, et al. Bromocriptine in Parkinsonism: a long-term study. Arch Neurol 1978; 35: 503505.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Rinne, UK, Marttila, M. Brain dopamine receptor stimulation and the relief of Parkinsonism: relationship between bromocriptine and levodopa. Ann Neurol 1978; 4: 263267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Devathasan, G, Chong, PN, Puvanendran, K, et al. Low dose bromocriptine therapy in severe Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 1984; 7: 231238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Grimes, JD, Delgado, MR. Bromocriptine: problems with low dose de novo therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 1985;8: 7377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Olanow, CW, Alberts, MJ. Low dose bromocriptine in previously untreated Parkinson’s disease. In: Fahn, S, Marsden, CD, Jenner, P, Teychenne, P, eds. Recent Developments in Parkinson’s Disease. New York: Raven Press, 1986; 273278.Google Scholar
10.Teychenne, PF, Bergsrud, D, Elton, RL, Racy, A. Bromocriptine: long-term low-dose therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 1986; 9: 138145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Staal-Schreinemachers, AL, Wesseling, H, Kamphius, DJ, et al. Low dose bromocriptine therapy in Parkinson’s disease: double blind placebo-controlled study. Neurology 1985; 36: 291293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Rinne, UK. Combined bromocriptine-levodopa therapy early in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1985; 35: 11961198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Lees, AJ, Stern, GM. Sustained bromocriptine therapy in previously untreated patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1981; 44: 10211023.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Rascol, A, Montastruc, JL, Rascol, O. Should dopamine agonists be given early early in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease? Can J Neurol Sci 1984; 2 (Suppl 1): 229232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Hardie, RJ, Lees, AJ, Stern, GM. The controversial role of bromocriptine in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 1985; 8: 150155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Langston, JW. MPTPand Parkinson’s disease. Trends in Neurosci 1985; 8: 7983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Langston, J.W, Irwin, I. MPTP: current concepts and controversies. Clin Neuropharmacol 1986; 9: 485507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.McDaniel, KD. Clinical pharmacology of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Clin Neuropharmacol 1986; 9: 207234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Barbeau, A. Etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a research strategy. Can J Neurol Sci 1984; 2: 2428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Cohen, G. The pathobiology of Parkinson’s disease: biochemical aspects of dopamine neuron senescence. J Neural Transm 1984: 19: 89103.Google Scholar
21.Birkmayer, W, Knott, J, Riederer, P, et al. (-) Deprenyl leads to prolongation of L-dopa efficacy in Parkinson’s disease. Mod Probl Pharmacopsych 1983; 19: 215219.Google ScholarPubMed
22.Carlsson, A, Winblad, B. Influence of age and time interval between death and autopsy on dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine levels in human basal ganglia. J Neural Transm 1976; 38: 271276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Riederer, P, Wuketich, ST. Time course of nigro-striatal degeneration in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 1976; 38: 277301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Langston, J, Ballard, P. Parkinsonisminducedby l-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): implications for treatment and the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Can J Neurol Sci 1984; 2 (Suppl. 11): 160165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Muenter, MD. Should levodopa therapy be started early or late? Can J Neurol Sci 1984: 2 (Suppl 1): 195199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Hoehn, MM. Parkinsonism treated with levodopa progression and mortality. J Neural Transm Suppl 1983; 19: 253264.Google Scholar
27.Kofman, OS. Are levodopa drug holidays justified? Can J Neurol Sci 1984; 11 (Suppl 1): 206209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Kaye, J A, Feldman, RG. The role of L-dopa holiday in the long-term management of Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 1986; 9: 113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Clough, CG, Bergmann, KJ, Yahr, MD. Cholinergic and dopaminergic mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease after long-term L-dopa administration. In: Hassler, RG, Christ, JF, eds. Advances in Neurology 40. New York: Raven Press, 1983: 131140.Google Scholar
30.Reisine, TD, Fields, JZ, Yamamura, HI, et al. Neurotransmitter receptor alterations in Parkinson’s disease. Life Sci 1977; 21: 335343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Lloyd, KG, Mohler, H, Hertz, PH, et al. Distribution of cholinea-cetyltransferase and glutamic acid decarboxylase within the substantia nigra and other brain regions from control and parkinsonian brain. Lancet 1975; 2: 623624.Google Scholar
32.McGeer, PL, McGeer, EG, Fibiger, HC. Glutamic acid decarboxylase and cholineacetyltransferase in Huntington’s chorea and Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 1973; 2: 623624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Rajput, AH, Offord, K, Beard, CM, et al. Epidemiological survey of dementia in parkinsonism and control populations. In: Hassler, RJ, Christ, JF, eds. Advances in Neurology 40. New York: Raven Press, 1983: 229234.Google Scholar
34.Mayeux, R, Stern, Y, Rosen, J, et al. Depression, intellectual impairment and Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1981; 31: 645650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.McGeer, EG, Staines, WA, McGeer, PL. Neurotransmitters in the basal ganglia. Can J Neurol Sci 1984; 11 (Suppl 1): 8999.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Graybiel, AM, Baughman, RW, Eckenstein, F. Cholinergic neuropil of the striatum observes striosomal boundaries. Nature 1986: 323: 625627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Richardson, PM, Verge Issa, VMK, Riopelle, RJ. Distribution of neuronal receptors for nerve growth factor in the rat. J Neurosci 1986; 6: 23122321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Riopelle, RJ, Richardson, PM, Verge, VMK. Distribution and charac-teristics of Nerve Growth Factor binding on cholinergic neurons of rat and monkey forebrain. Neurochem Res 1987; in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Mobley, WC, Rutkowski, JL, Tennekoon, Gl, et al. Choline acetyltransferase activity in striatum of neonatal rats increased by nerve growth factor. Science 1985: 229: 284287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed