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The Utility of Echocardiogram in the Workup of Ischemic Stroke Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2023

Linda A. Villani*
Affiliation:
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
Meagan Guay
Affiliation:
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
Michael DeDominicis
Affiliation:
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
Aadil Bharwani
Affiliation:
Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
Richard Xu
Affiliation:
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
Nikola Počuča
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Canada
Kanjana Perera
Affiliation:
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
*
Corresponding author: Linda A. Villani. Email: linda.villani@medportal.ca

Abstract:

Background:

Cardiac sources of emboli can be identified by transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). The Canadian Best Practice Guidelines recommend routine use of TTE in the initial workup of ischemic stroke when an embolic source is suspected. However, TTEs are commonly ordered for all patients despite insufficient evidence to justify cost-effectiveness. We aim to evaluate the TTE ordering pattern in the initial workup of ischemic stroke at a regional Stroke Center in Central South Ontario and determine the proportion of studies which led to a change in management and affected length of stay (LOS).

Methods:

Hospital records of 520 patients with a discharge diagnosis of TIA or ischemic stroke between October 2016 and June 2017 were reviewed to gather information

Results:

477 patients admitted for TIA or ischemic stroke met inclusion criteria. 67.9% received TTE, out of which 6.0% had findings of cardiac sources of emboli including left ventricular thrombus, atrial septal aneurysm, PFO, atrial myxoma, and valvular vegetation. 2.5% of all TTE findings led to change in medical management. The median LOS of patients who underwent TTE was 2 days longer (p < 0.00001).

Conclusion:

TTE in the initial workup of TIA or ischemic stroke remains common practice. The yield of TTEs is low, and the proportion of studies that lead to changes in medical management is minimal. TTE completion was associated with increased LOS and may result in increased healthcare spending; however, additional factors prolonging the LOS could not be excluded.

Résumé :

RÉSUMÉ :

L’utilité des examens d’échographie cardiaque dans le bilan de patients victimes d’un AVC ischémique.

Contexte :

Les sources cardiaques d’embolies peuvent être identifiées par un examen d’échographie cardiaque transthoracique (ECTT). À ce sujet, les lignes directrices canadiennes en matière de pratiques exemplaires recommandent l’utilisation systématique de la technique d’ECTT dans le bilan initial d’un patient victime d’un AVC ischémique lorsqu’une source de nature embolique est suspectée. Cependant, les examens d’ECTT demeurent couramment prescrits pour tous les patients, et ce, malgré l’insuffisance de données probantes justifiant leur rentabilité. Notre objectif est ici d’évaluer dans un centre régional de traitement des AVC du centre-sud de l’Ontario le modèle de prescription des ECTT dans le bilan initial de patients victimes d’un AVC ischémique et de déterminer la proportion d’études qui ont conduit à un changement de prise en charge des patients et ont affecté la durée de leur séjour.

Méthodes :

Les dossiers hospitaliers de 520 patients victimes d’un accident ischémique transitoire (AIT) ou d’un AVC ischémique et ayant obtenu leur congé entre octobre 2016 et juin 2017 ont été analysés pour recueillir des renseignements.

Résultats :

Au total, 477 patients admis en raison d’un AIT ou d’un AVC ischémique ont répondu à nos critères d’inclusion. À noter que 67,9 % d’entre eux ont subi un examen d’ECTT ; parmi ces derniers, on a découvert chez 6,0 % d’entre eux des sources cardiaques d’embolie, notamment un thrombus ventriculaire gauche, un anévrysme du septum interauriculaire, un foramen ovale perméable (FOP), un myxome auriculaire et une végétation valvulaire. Enfin, 2,5 % des résultats d’ECTT ont conduit à un changement de traitement médical alors que la durée médiane de séjour des patients ayant bénéficié d’un examen d’ECTT était plus longue de 2 jours (p < 0,00001).

Conclusion :

Le recours à l’ECTT dans le bilan initial d’un AIT ou d’un AVC ischémique reste une pratique courante. Cela dit, le rendement des examens d’ECTT est faible et la proportion d’études qui ont débouché sur des changements dans la prise en charge médicale des patients est minime. De plus, la réalisation d’un examen d’ECTT est associée à une augmentation de la durée de séjour des patients et peut entraîner une augmentation des dépenses de santé. On ne peut exclure toutefois qu’il existe d’autres facteurs prolongeant la durée des séjours.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation

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