¹ Barnouw, Erik, The Golden Web: A History of Broadcasting in the United States 1933–1953 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1958), 58Google Scholar.

² “Robert ‘Believe It Or Not’ Ripley Presents . . . God Rewards Faith and Service,” Broadcast September 27, 1940, n.d., 2–3.

³ A word as to spelling: contemporary sources use “business men” as two words, while LeTourneau's, R. G. later autobiography, Mover of Men and Mountains: The Autobiography of R. G. LeTourneau (New York: Prentice Hall, 1960)Google Scholar, uses “businessmen.” For consistency, I use “business men” throughout. A word as to terminology: the relationship between “evangelical” and “fundamentalist” is theologically and sociologically vexing during the first half of the twentieth century. Except for a new emphasis on the divine inspiration and literal interpretation of scripture, twentieth-century fundamentalists upheld the evangelical orthodoxy of previous generations: salvation through Jesus Christ alone and the duty to redeem as many souls as possible. Yet they laid claim to the word “evangelical” while excluding other heirs to the interdenominational revivalist tradition, such as Pentecostals. Furthermore, “fundamentalist” was a more Northern and urban than Southern or rural identity, and the subculture incubated “new evangelicals” who would distance themselves from “fundamentalists” mid-century. While I am largely engaging scholarship on fundamentalism, I favor the more inclusive term “evangelical” to describe conservative Protestantism and its business culture writ large. Just as God was the fundamentalist LeTourneau's partner, for example, the Pentecostal William Doctor Gentry was “In Business for God” (Wacker, Grant, Heaven Below: Early Pentecostals and American Culture (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001, 203Google Scholar). For the 1930s and 1940s terminological context, see Marsden, George, Reforming Fundamentalism: Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1987), 48Google Scholar; Glass, William R., Strangers in Zion: Fundamentalists in the South, 1900–1950 (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 2001)Google Scholar; and Carpenter, Joel A., Revive Us Again: The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 141–60Google Scholar.

⁴ Marsden, George M., Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870–1925 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 3–48, 141–57Google Scholar; Carpenter, Revive Us Again, 13–78, 110–23, 161–210; Abrams, Douglas Carl, Selling the Old-time Religion: American Fundamentalists and Mass Culture, 1920–1940 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001)Google Scholar; Brereton, Virginia Lieson, Training God's Army: The American Bible School, 1880–1940 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990), 26–38Google Scholar; Sweeney, Douglas, “The Essential Evangelicalism Dialectic: The Historiography of the Early Neo-Evangelical Movement and the Observer-Participant Dilemma,” Church History 60, no. 1 (March 1991): 70–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Sweet, Leonard, “Wise As Serpents and Innocent as Doves: The New Evangelical Historiography,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 56, no. 3 (Autumn 1988): 397–416CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Biographers have had an easier time integrating the theological, political, and social aspects of fundamentalism. See Ribuffo, Leo P., The Old Christian Right: The Protestant Far Right from the Great Depression to the Cold War (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1983)Google Scholar; Trollinger, William Vance Jr., God's Empire: William Bell Riley and Midwestern Fundamentalism (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990)Google Scholar; Hankins, Barry, God's Rascal: J. Frank Norris and The Beginnings of Southern Fundamentalism (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996)Google Scholar, esp. 138–50; Sutton, Matthew Avery, Aimee Semple McPherson and the Resurrection of Christian America (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009), 212–66Google Scholar; Timothy A. Gloege, “Reuben A. Torrey and the Construction of Corporate Fundamentalism,” Ph.D. diss. University of Notre Dame, 2007.

⁵ Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture; and Carpenter, Revive Us Again. Marsden's, Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1991)Google Scholar devotes two chapters to evangelical and fundamentalist politics, respectively. However, he scants the 1930s and 1940s, identifying prototypical fundamentalist politics as “beat[ing] the drums of simplistic anticommunist crusades that dated back to the McCarthy era” (100–101, 106).

⁶ Butler, Jon, “‘Jack-in-the Box’ Faith: The Religion Problem in Modern American History,” Journal of American History 90, no. 4 (March 2004): 1359CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁷ Considine, Bob, Ripley: The Modern Marco Polo (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1961), 47, 83Google Scholar.

⁸ Considine, Ripley, 4.

⁹ On the problematic categories of “religion” and the “secular,” see Smith, Wilfred Cantwell, The Meaning and End of Religion (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1991 [New York, MacMillan, 1963]), 15–50Google Scholar; Asad, Talal, “On Rereading a Modern Classic: W. C. Smith's ‘The Meaning and End of Religion,’” History of Religions 40, no. 3 (February 2001), 205–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Asad, , Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2003), 21–66, 206–56Google Scholar; Casanova, José, Public Religions in the Modern World (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 1–66Google Scholar; Smith, Jonathan Z., Map Is Not Territory: Studies in the History of Religion (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 299–309Google ScholarPubMed; Chidester, David, Savage Systems: Colonialism and Comparative Religion in Southern Africa (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1966), 1–29Google Scholar.

¹⁰ Alison Collis Greene, “No Depression in Heaven: Religion and Economic Crisis in Memphis and the Delta, 1929–1941,” Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 2010; Dochuk, Darren, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism (New York: W. W. Norton, 2011)Google Scholar; Williams, Daniel K., God's Own Party: The Making of the Christian Right (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Miller, Steven P., Billy Graham and the Making of the Republican South (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009)Google Scholar; Phillips-Fein, Kim, Invisible Hands: The Making of the Conservative Movement from the New Deal to Reagan (New York: W. W. Norton, 2009)Google Scholar; Moreton, Bethany, To Serve God and Wal-Mart: The Making of Christian Free Enterprise (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009)Google Scholar; Darren Grem, “The Blessings of Business: Corporate America and Conservative Evangelicalism in the Sunbelt Age, 1945–2000,” Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 2010.

¹¹ Dochuk discusses LeTourneau's early post–World War II years (54–56, 128–29).

¹² See Williams, God's Own Party, 15.

¹³ Kimmel, Michael, Manhood in America: A Cultural History (New York: Free Press, 1996), 13–42Google Scholar; Rotundo, Anthony, American Manhood: Transformations in Masculinity from the Revolution to the Modern Era (New York: BasicBooks, 1993), 1–30, 167–84Google Scholar.

¹⁴ Weber, Max, Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, in Roth, Guenther and Wittich, Claus, eds. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978 [1968]), 1200Google Scholar. On evangelical business men in the longer sweep of American history, see, for example, Valeri, Mark, Heavenly Merchandize: How Religion Shaped Commerce in Puritan America (Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hambrick-Stowe, Charles E., Charles G. Finney and the Spirit of American Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1996), 129–40Google Scholar; Abzug, Robert H., Cosmos Crumbling: American Reform and the Religious Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 107–11Google Scholar; Brown, Bertram Wyatt, Lewis Tappan and the Evangelical War Against Slavery (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997 [1969])Google Scholar; Long, Kathryn, The Revival of 1857–58: Interpreting an American Religious Awakening (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998)Google Scholar; Noll, Mark A., ed., God and Mammon: Protestants, Money, and the Market, 1790–1860 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001)Google Scholar; Corrigan, John, Business of the Heart: Religion and Emotion in the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), 187, 207–30Google Scholar.

¹⁵ Hutchison, William R., The Modernist Impulse in American Protestantism (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1992)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; White, Ronald C. and Hopkins, C. Howard, The Social Gospel: Religion and Reform in a Changing America (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1976), 31–77, 114–203, 246–47Google Scholar; Curtis, Susan, A Consuming Faith: The Social Gospel in Modern American Culture (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), 2–59Google Scholar; Evans, Christopher H., The Kingdom Is Always But Coming: A Life of Walter Rauschenbusch (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2004), 74–111, 177–89, 247–62Google Scholar.

¹⁶ Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, 32–39.

¹⁷ LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 23.

¹⁸ Ibid., 7–8, 11.

¹⁹ Ibid., 22.

²⁰ Ibid., 19.

²¹ Nugent, Walter, Into the West: The Story of Its People (New York: Random House, 1999), 77–78, 132Google Scholar; LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 19.

²² LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 22–23.

²³ Ibid., 29.

²⁴ Ibid., 23–30. See also Boyer, Paul S., “Iron and Steel Industry,” The Oxford Companion to United States History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001)Google Scholar, available on Encyclopedia.com, http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O119-IronandSteelINdustry.html (accessed June 19, 2009).

²⁵ LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 33. There is a vast literature on Christian conversion narratives. Most useful here is Balmer, Randall and Winner's, Lauren F. survey of early American morphologies of conversion in Protestantism in America (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002), 37–43Google Scholar. As with many of LeTourneau's stories, facts vary from version to version without harming the message. One biographer, quoting from LeTourneau's speeches, describes a more conventionally melodramatic moment: “Then I cried out in desperation to God, ‘Lord, save me or I perish!’ Right there something happened. The glory of the Lord broke over me and the full reality of salvation came into my soul.” Lorimer, Albert W., God Runs My Business: The Story of R. G. LeTourneau, Farmhand, Foundry Apprentice, Master Molder, Garage Mechanic, Laborer, Inventor, Manufacturer, Industrialist, Christian Business Man, and Lay Evangelist (New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1941), 30Google Scholar.

²⁶ Hutchison, William R., Errand to the World: American Protestant Thought and Foreign Missions (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 112, 112–14Google Scholar.

²⁷ LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 87. On American missions to China, see Austin, Alvyn J., “Blessed Adversity: Henry W. Frost and the China Inland Mission,” in Earthen Vessels: American Evangelicals and Foreign Missions, 1880–1990, ed. Carpenter, Joel A. and Shenk, Wilbert R. (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1990), 47–70Google Scholar; see especially 57 and 63–64, on business men and other wealthy patrons. On the Boxer Rebellion, see Bodin, Lynn E. and Warner, Christopher, The Boxer Rebellion (Oxford: Osprey, 1979), 3–6Google Scholar; Preston, Diana, The Boxer Rebellion: The Dramatic Story of China's War on Foreigners That Shook the World in 1900 (New York: Walker, 2000)Google Scholar.

²⁸ LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 250–51.

²⁹ Ibid., 58–59; Sloss, R. T., The Book of the Automobile: A Practical Volume Devoted to the History Construction [sic], Use and Care of Motor Cars and to the Subject of Motoring in America (New York: D. Appleton, 1905), 17Google Scholar.

³⁰ LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 67–68, 78–79, 83–86, 91–92, 102; Nugent, Into the West, 181.

³¹ Lorimer, God Runs My Business, 169.

³² LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 87–88; Thompson, Albert Edward, The Life of A. B. Simpson (Brooklyn: Christian Alliance Publishing, 1920), 1–3Google Scholar; Anderson, Allan, An Introduction to Pentecostalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 29–31Google Scholar; Wacker, Heaven Below, 3, 148.

³³ LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 107–10. See also Ackland, Donald F., Moving Heaven and Earth: The Story of R. G. LeTourneau: Inventor, Designer, Manufacturer, Preacher (New York: Iverson Ford Associates, 1949), 55–56Google Scholar; Lorimer, God Runs My Business, 40–41.

³⁴ LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 135; Lorimer, God Runs My Business, 111.

³⁵ Le Tourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 135.

³⁶ Ibid., 180.

³⁷ Ibid., 170.

³⁸ Ibid., 174; Foster, Mark S., “Giant of the West: Henry J. Kaiser and Regional Industrialization, 1930–1950,” Business History Review 59, no. 1 (Spring 1985), 3CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Haycraft, William Russell, Yellow Steel: The Story of the Earthmoving Equipment Industry (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002), 72Google Scholar.

³⁹ Lorimer, God Runs My Business, 63. Although different factors in calculations make for an inexact comparison, LeTourneau's loss in 1931 matched overall manufacturing trends, while his 1932 profit bucked an even worse year. Kreps, T. J., “Dividends, Interest, Profits, Wages, 1923–35,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 49, no. 4 (August 1935): 577CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁴⁰ Caterpillar sold forty-five million dollars in earthmoving equipment in 1930 and thirteen million dollars at its nadir in 1932. “Caterpillar, Inc. – Company History,” International Directory of Company Histories 63 (London: St. James Press, 2004), available at http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Caterpillar-Inc-Company-History.html (accessed July 19, 2007).

⁴¹ LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 162, 169, 199–201.

⁴² Teaford, John C., Cities of the Heartland: The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Midwest (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993), 253Google Scholar; Liebling, A. J., Chicago: The Second City (New York: Knopf, 1952), 10Google Scholar.

⁴³ LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 203. See Swensen, Rinehart J., “The Chamber of Commerce and the New Deal,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 179 (May 1935), 136–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁴⁴ LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 203.

⁴⁵ Again, LeTourneau was echoing generations of evangelical men before him. See Kimmel, Manhood in America, 175–81.

⁴⁶ Lorimer, God Runs My Business, 196; LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 203.

⁴⁷ For example, one of the founders of the Christian Business Men's Committee International was a Chicago pastor. “Mr. Leaman Goes into Evangelism,” Moody Bible Institute Monthly 32, no. 9 (May 1932), 466Google Scholar.

⁴⁸ “Sermon Notes, R. G. LeTourneau,” 1938–1942. Papers of R. G. LeTourneau (Box J1P, Folder 2), LeTourneau University, Longview, Texas (hereafter “LeTourneau University”).

⁴⁹ Lorimer, God Runs My Business, 107.

⁵⁰ Phillips-Fein, Invisible Hands, 10–19. Although LeTourneau was likely a member of the National Association of Manufacturers, it is not evident in his records. See also Allitt, Patrick, The Conservatives: Personalities Throughout American History (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2009), 145–48Google Scholar; Wolfskill, George, The Revolt of the Conservatives: A History of the American Liberty League, 1934–1940 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1962), 48–55Google Scholar; Brinkley, Alan, Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin and the Great Depression (New York: Vintage, 1982), 114–15, 153–56, 252–59, 265–68Google Scholar; Rossiter, Clinton, Conservatism in America: The Thankless Persuasion, 2nd ed. (New York: Vintage, 1962), 170–73, 182–96, 251–54Google Scholar; Gregory Eow, “Fighting a New Deal: Intellectual Origins of the Reagan Revolution, 1932–1952,” Ph.D. diss., Rice University, 2007; Nash, George H., The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945 (Wilmington, Del.: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 1996), 1–21Google Scholar.

⁵¹ See Heale, M. J., American Anti-Communism: Combating the Enemy Within, 1830–1970 (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990), 42–144Google Scholar.

⁵² Phillips-Fein, Invisible Hands, 3–4; Wilentz, Sean, Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788–1850 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004 [1986]), 299–323Google Scholar.

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⁵⁴ Bauman, Louis S., “Present-Day Fulfillment of Prophecy,” The King's Business (June 1933), 181Google Scholar.

⁵⁵ Evangelicals are absent from Phillips-Fein's account of conservatism in the 1930s. Williams puts fundamentalists of the 1930s in an apocalyptic lacuna between political mobilizations in the 1920s and the 1940s (15).

⁵⁶ Fones-Wolf, Elizabeth A. credits LeTourneau for originating industrial chaplaincies in Selling Free Enterprise: The Business Assault on Labor and Liberalism, 1945–1960 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 224Google Scholar.

⁵⁷ n.a., “Peoria Plant,” Papers of R. G. LeTourneau (Box J5J, no folder), LeTourneau University.

⁵⁸ Kennedy, David M., Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 292Google Scholar.

⁵⁹ Cohen, Lizabeth, Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919–1939 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 160–83Google Scholar; Holl, Richard E., From the Boardroom to the War Room: America's Corporate Liberals and FDR's Preparedness Program (Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2005), 9–21Google Scholar; Ackland, Moving Heaven and Earth, 112–14. See also Klein, Jennifer, For All These Rights: Business, Labor, and the Shaping of America's Public-Private Welfare State (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003), 16–52Google Scholar.

⁶⁰ Lorimer, God Runs My Business, 102; Ackland, Moving Heaven and Earth, 166.

⁶¹ “R. G. LeTourneau Talks on Status of Employes [sic],” NOW (February 26, 1937), 2–3.

⁶² LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 208.

⁶³ Ackland, Moving Heaven and Earth, 157–58. By 1939, a million Olson tracts went out from the Peoria plant each month. “Acts 16:30 and 31,” NOW (November 17, 1939), 1.

⁶⁴ “Plant Life,” NOW (October 16, 1936; October 23, 1936; October 30, 1936; November 6, 1936; November 13, 1936; January 15, 1937; February 12, 1937; March 19, 1937).

⁶⁵ “Questions Preaching at LeTourneau Plant,” NOW (Feb. 5, 1937), 3; “About This Newspaper – Labor temple news,” Chronicling America, The Library of Congress, available at http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92054493/ (accessed Aug. 13, 2009).

⁶⁶ “Union Pledges Loyalty to R. G. Le Tourneau,” NOW (June 18 [7?], 1937), 3. On company unions as defining features of welfare capitalism, see Cohen, Making a New Deal, 164; on organized labor's resistance to company unions, see Brands, H. W., Traitor to His Class: The Privileged Life and Radical Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (New York: Doubleday, 2008), 387–89Google Scholar.

⁶⁷ “President's Proposal Resembles Jethro's,” NOW (January 29, 1937), 3.

⁶⁸ Lorimer, God Runs My Business, 185–86; Ackland, Moving Heaven and Earth, 157–58.

⁶⁹ Morris, Charles R., The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy (New York: Henry Holt, 2005), 192–94Google Scholar.

⁷⁰ McCarthy, Kathleen D., Noblesse Oblige: Charity and Cultural Philanthropy in Chicago, 1849–1929 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), 53Google Scholar.

⁷¹ Luke 12:48 (KJV).

⁷² Lorimer, God Runs My Business, 128, 187–88.

⁷³ Ibid., 67.

⁷⁴ Moothart, Lorene, Achieving the Impossible with God: The Life Story of Dr. R. A. Forrest (Toccoa Falls, Ga.: Toccoa Falls College Press, 1996 [1956]), 84–96Google Scholar.

⁷⁵ Lorimer, God Runs My Business, 84–87; LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 219–22; Ackland, Moving Heaven and Earth, 74–76; Moothart, Achieving the Impossible with God, 142–46, 165–66.

⁷⁶ Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, 254; Friedman, Tami J., “Exploiting the North-South Differential: Corporate Power, Southern Politics, and the Decline of Organized Labor after World War II,” Journal of American History 95, no. 2 (September 2008): 323–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Korstad, Robert Rodgers, Civil Rights Unionism: Tobacco Workers and the Struggle for Democracy in the Mid-Twentieth Century South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003), 5–6CrossRefGoogle Scholar; McGiven, Henry M. Jr., Iron and Steel: Class, Race, and Community in Birmingham, Alabama, 1875–1920 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 166–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁷⁸ Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, 344–45; “Troubles of South Typify World's Woes,” NOW (September 9, 1938), 2–3.

⁷⁹ “G.O.P. Win Changes Legislative Outlook,” NOW (November 25, 1938), 2.

⁸⁰ Holl, From the Boardroom to the War Room, 22.

⁸¹ “And Then 5,000 People Were Fed,” NOW (July 21, 1939), 1.

⁸² “Another Factory Revival,” NOW (July 21, 1939), 2, 4.

⁸³ Ball, Lamar Q., “Toccoa Factory is Dedicated to Principles of Christianity,” The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, July 12, 1939, 2Google Scholar.

⁸⁴ “Another Factory Revival,” 2, 5.

⁸⁵ Amy Porter, “God's Partner,” Collier's, December 25, 1943, 75; “Georgia Plant Targeted by Ambitious CIO Organizers: CIO Out to Communize LeTourneau Company,” Joyful News (May–June 1943), 4. See also 54 N.L.R.B. 1253, a National Labor Relations Board decision concluding that the LeTourneau Company of Georgia illegally suspended two workers for distributing United Steel Workers of America and CIO literature in July and August 1943.

⁸⁶ Luke 20:9–19.

⁸⁷ “Bible Declares the Rights of Capital and Labor,” Joyful News (May–June 1943), 4.

⁸⁸ Phillips-Fein, Invisible Hands, 10–22.

⁸⁹ Jacob Bos to R. G. LeTourneau, November 18, 1940, quoting Newsweek (November 11, 1940), 50. Papers of R. G. LeTourneau (Box J4J, Folder 38), LeTourneau University.

⁹⁰ Gilbert, Dan, “View and Reviews of Current News,” The King's Business (December 1938), 406Google Scholar.

⁹¹ Malcolm W. George to R. G. LeTourneau, December 8, 1940. Papers of R. G. LeTourneau (Box J4J, Folder 38), LeTourneau University.

⁹² Alfred W. Swan to R. G. LeTourneau, December 8, 1940. Papers of R. G. LeTourneau (Box J4J, Folder 38), LeTourneau University.

⁹³ E. R. Galvin to All District Representatives, July 7, 1941. Papers of R. G. LeTourneau (Box F1U, Folder 1), LeTourneau University.

⁹⁴ Ackland, Moving Heaven and Earth, 115–29; LeTourneau, Mover of Men and Mountains, 230–32, 239.

⁹⁵ Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, 6–7, 68, 210; Berkovitch, Sacvan, The American Jeremiad (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978), 7–8Google Scholar.

⁹⁶ “An Invitation to Attend a Tri-State Patriotic Rally in connection with the dedication of the Vicksburg Plant of the LeTourneau Company of Mississippi, Saturday, November 28, 1942,” n.d., 1. Papers of R. G. LeTourneau (Box F1U, Folder 39), LeTourneau University.

⁹⁷ John S. McCain to R. G. LeTourneau, February 8, 1943. Papers of R. G. LeTourneau (Box J4J, Folder 24), LeTourneau University.

⁹⁸ “An Invitation to Attend a Tri-State Patriotic Rally,” 2.

⁹⁹ Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, No. CCCXCI (June 1889), available at http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/rbannis1/AIH19th/Carnegie.html (accessed January 26, 2011).