¹ Morison, Samuel Eliot, The Puritan Pronaos (New York, 1936).Google Scholar

² Morison, Samuel Eliot, Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936 (Cambridge, Mass., 1936), 22.Google Scholar

³ Puritan Pronaos, 27.Google Scholar

⁴ Lyttle, Charles, “A Sketch of the Theological Development of Harvard University, 1636–1805,” Church History, V, (1936), 306n.Google Scholar

⁵ Three Centuries of Harvard, 24.

⁶ Ibid.

⁷ Morison, Samuel Eliot, The Founding of Harvard College (Cambridge, Mass., 1935), 250.Google Scholar

⁸ Ibid., 100.

⁹ Like Emmanuel, Harvard was called the “School of the Prophets.”

¹⁰ Of the university men in early New England, thirty-five were from Emmanuel. The next greatest number, thirteen, were from Trinity. John Cotton is included in both lists, having left Trinity to go to Emmanuel, Ibid., 362.

¹¹ Dyer, G., History of the University and Colleges of Cambridge … (London, 1814), II, 347Google Scholar. Shuckburgh, E. S., Emmanuel College (London, 1904), 6Google Scholar, leaves out the word “posuit.”

¹² For a discussion of this point see Shuekburgh, , Emmanuel College, 18–26Google Scholar and chapter on John Harvard and Emmanuel College in The Founding of Harvard College.

¹³ Shuekburgh, , Emmanuel College, 23.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Ibid., 25.

¹⁵ The Founding of Harvard College, 107.Google Scholar

¹⁶ The Founding of Harvard College, 432.Google Scholar

¹⁷ The Puritan Pronaos, 29.Google Scholar

¹⁸ In 1663, Jonathan Mitchell placed the need of an educated clergy as the primary purpose for the college in a tract entitled: “Modell For the Maintaining of students and fellows of choise Abilities at the Colledge in Cambridge, Tending to advance learning among us, and to supply the publike with fit Instruments, principally for the work of the Ministry.” Quoted in The Founding of Harvard College, 249.Google Scholar

¹⁹ For a discussion of this point see Lyttle, Charles, “A Sketch of the Theological Development of Harvard University, 1636–1805,” Church History, v, (1936), 301–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²⁰ Lyttle, Charles H., “Was Fair Harvard's Father a Red?”, The Christian Century, LIII, (1936), 1225.Google Scholar

²¹ The Founding of Harvard College, 247n.Google Scholar

²² Three Centuries of Harvard, 23.Google Scholar

²³ Emmanuel College, 24.Google Scholar

²⁴ Ibid.

²⁵ The Founding of Harvard College, 434.Google Scholar

²⁶ Small, W. H., Early New England Schools (Boston, 1914), 90–91.Google Scholar

²⁷ The Founding of Harvard College, 248.Google Scholar

²⁸ Ibid., 8.

²⁹ Ibid., 50.

³⁰ Ibid., 60n. Even the study of law in the English universities was a strictly ecclesiastical pursuit. The layman, interested in the common law, studied at the Inns.

³¹ Ibid., 62.

³² Ibid., 65.

³³ Three Centuries of Harvard, 25.Google Scholar

³⁴ At all the colleges, all students were supposed to be clerics and to behave as such. The Founding of Harvard College, 54.Google Scholar

³⁵ Ibid.

³⁶ Shuckburgh, E. S., Emmanuel College, 18–26.Google Scholar

³⁷ The Founding of Harvard College, 250.Google Scholar

³⁸ Ibid., 249.

³⁹ The law of 1647 gives as the purpose for the establishment of schools: “It being one chief project of that old deluder, Satan, to keep men from the knowledge of the Scriptures,… and that Learning may not be buried in the graves of our fore-fathers in Church and Commonwealth.” Ibid., 158. The statement giving the purpose as to enable the children to “read and understand the principles of religion and the capital lawes of the country,” has often been interpreted to give a secular motivation to the founding of these elementary schools. Yet no Puritan would conceive of the “capital lawes” as being secular. To the Puritan mind, as to the medieval mind, all positive laws were merely declaratory of the divine law as revealed in nature, reason and the Scriptures. The “principles of religion” and the “capital lawes” were practically synonomous.

⁴⁰ Many of the school teachers either had been ministers, were ministers, or later became ministers. Small states: “Many Harvard graduates taught for a year or two, but most of them were destined for the ministry.” Small, W. H., op. cit., 87Google Scholar. Ezekiel Cheever and Daniel Maud, the two pioneer New England school teachers, were both ministers and graduates of Emmanuel College. Like Harvard, Emmanuel had many graduates who followed professions other than the ministry, but that fact made it no less a school for the training of ministers. The Founding of Harvard College, 93.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Ibid., 249.

⁴² The Puritan Pronaos, 39.Google Scholar