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Article contents
National Heritage and Economic Policies in Free and Sovereign Poland after 1918
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 March 2012
Abstract
Poland, whenever free and sovereign, has since 1918 implemented economic policies that emphasise free markets. This approach has failed to produce a rapid rate of economic growth, so the country is still substantially underdeveloped. Although significant government investment in 1936–9 resulted in strong economic growth and a higher standard of living, today's Poland continues to pursue neo-liberal economic policies. This paper links these policies to the nation's heritage, which stresses limited government. Such beliefs ruled the actions of the nation's ruling class before partitions in the eighteenth century and during the inter-war period, and continue to dominate economic policy now.
La pologne libre et souveraine: l'héritage national et la politique économique après 1918
Depuis 1918, à chaque fois que la Pologne s'est trouvée libre et souveraine, elle a mis en place une politique mettant en valeur l'économie de marché. Cette démarche n'a pas réussi à stimuler un taux de croissance économique rapide, et de ce fait, le pays reste relativement sous-développé. Bien qu'un investissement gouvernemental considérable entre 1936 et 1939 ait produit une augmentation économique vigoureuse et un niveau de vie plus élevé, la Pologne d'aujourd'hui continue à poursuivre une politique économique néo-libérale. Cet article met en relation ces politiques et l'héritage national, qui met l'accent sur un gouvernement limité. Ces croyances dominèrent les actions de la classe dirigeante avant les partitions du dix-huitième siècle et pendant la période de l'entre-deux-guerres, et continuent à dominer la politique économique actuelle.
Nationales erbgut und wirtschaftspolitik im freien und souveränen polen nach 1918
Seit 1918, zumindest solange es frei und souverän war, hat Polen immer eine Wirtschaftspolitik betrieben, die eine freie Marktwirtschaft betonte. Diese Politik erzeugte jedoch kein schnelles and starkes Wirtschaftswachstum, und deshalb ist das Land immer noch weitgehend unterentwickelt. Obwohl erhebliche öffentliche Investitionen in den Jahren 1936–1939 zu einem starken Wirtschaftswachstum und einem höheren Lebensstandard führten, verfolgt das heutige Polen immer noch eine neo-liberale Wirtschaftspolitik. Dieser Artikel verbindet diese Politik mit dem nationalen Erbgut, das eine begrenzte Rolle der Regierung betont. Solche Überzeugungen bestimmten die Aktionen der herrschenden Klasse des Landes bevor den Teilungen im achtzehnten Jahrhundert und auch zwischen den zwei Weltkriegen; und selbst heute noch dominieren solche Überzeugungen weiterhin Polen's Wirtschaftspolitik.
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