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Gender-specific co-developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems from middle childhood to early adolescence: Environmental and individual predictors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 May 2022

Xue Gong Open the ORCID record for Xue Gong [Opens in a new window] ,
Nan Guo ,
E. Scott Huebner  and
Lili Tian Open the ORCID record for Lili Tian [Opens in a new window]
Xue Gong
Affiliation:
Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
Nan Guo
Affiliation:
Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
E. Scott Huebner
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
Lili Tian*
Affiliation:
Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
*
Corresponding author: Lili Tian, email: paipaishu@163.com
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Abstract

This study aimed to identify gender-specific co-developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems from middle childhood to early adolescence, along with key environmental and individual predictors among Chinese youth. A total of 1653 Chinese elementary school students (Mage = 9.40; SD = 0.51; 54.57% boys) participated in assessments at six time points, using 6-month assessment intervals. Parallel process latent class growth modeling identified four trajectories for boys: Congruent-low (65.74%), moderate-decreasing internalizing and moderate-stable externalizing problems (18.40%), high increasing-internalizing and low-stable externalizing problems (8.20%), and high decreasing-internalizing and low-stable externalizing problems (7.65%). Three trajectories were identified for girls: Congruent-low (81.09%), moderate co-occurring (7.19%), and high increasing-internalizing and low-stable externalizing problems (11.72%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that peer victimization served as an environmental risk predictor for the adverse co-developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems for boys and girls. High sensation-seeking and low self-control served as individual risk variables predicting the trajectories of high increasing-internalizing and low-stable externalizing problems, and low self-control also predicted the trajectories of high decreasing-internalizing and low-stable externalizing problems for boys. The findings highlight the importance of gender differences in understanding the progression of internalizing and externalizing problems and inform effective strategies for prevention and intervention.

Keywords

co-developmentenvironmental and individual predictorsinternalizing and externalizing problemsmiddle childhood to early adolescence
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 35 , Issue 3 , August 2023 , pp. 1468 - 1483
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© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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