Growing epidemiological, genetic, and clinical neurobiological evidence indicates thatabnormalities in brain development play determining roles in the pathobiology of schizophrenia.Neuropathological research has made significant progress in delineating cellular and molecularabnormalities in schizophrenia that have relevance to neurodevelopment. This paper reviews theneurodevelopmental processes of neurogenesis, neuronal migration, differentiation,synaptogenesis, neuron and synaptic pruning, and myelination and the reported neuropathologicalfindings in schizophrenia that may be a consequence of disturbances in these processes. Whilemany neuropathological findings in schizophrenia are controversial or await confirmation,reported abnormalities in neuron density, number and morphology, cytoarchitecture, dendriticarbors and spines, synapse-related proteins, and the well-established absence of gliosis or anyother evidence of neurodegeneration or neural injury all provide support for theneurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.