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Positive and negative parenting in conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous–unemotional traits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2020

Ruth Pauli Open the ORCID record for Ruth Pauli [Opens in a new window] ,
Peter Tino ,
Jack C. Rogers ,
Rosalind Baker ,
Roberta Clanton ,
Philippa Birch ,
Abigail Brown ,
Gemma Daniel ,
Lisandra Ferreira  and
Liam Grisley
...Show all authors
Ruth Pauli*
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Peter Tino
Affiliation:
School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Jack C. Rogers
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Rosalind Baker
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Roberta Clanton
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Philippa Birch
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Abigail Brown
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Gemma Daniel
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Lisandra Ferreira
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Liam Grisley
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Gregor Kohls
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
Sarah Baumann
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
Anka Bernhard
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Anne Martinelli
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Katharina Ackermann
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Helen Lazaratou
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Foteini Tsiakoulia
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Panagiota Bali
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Helena Oldenhof
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Lucres Jansen
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Areti Smaragdi
Affiliation:
Child Development Institute, Toronto, Canada
Karen Gonzalez-Madruga
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Torres
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Service, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
Maider Gonzalez de Artaza-Lavesa
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Service, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
Martin Steppan
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Noortje Vriends
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Aitana Bigorra
Affiliation:
University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Reka Siklosi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of the Child Health Center, Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary
Sreejita Ghosh
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Gronigen, the Netherlands
Kerstin Bunte
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Gronigen, the Netherlands
Roberta Dochnal
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of the Child Health Center, Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary
Amaia Hervas
Affiliation:
University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain Global Institute of Neurodevelopment Integrated Care (IGAIN), Barcelona, Spain
Christina Stadler
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Aranzazu Fernandez-Rivas
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Service, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
Graeme Fairchild
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
Arne Popma
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Dimitris Dikeos
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Kerstin Konrad
Affiliation:
Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen & Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
Christine M. Freitag
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Pia Rotshtein
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Stephane A. De Brito*
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
*
Authors for correspondence: Stephane De Brito and Ruth Pauli, School of Psychology, Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; E-mail: s.a.debrito@bham.ac.uk and R.Pauli@bham.ac.uk.
Authors for correspondence: Stephane De Brito and Ruth Pauli, School of Psychology, Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; E-mail: s.a.debrito@bham.ac.uk and R.Pauli@bham.ac.uk.
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Abstract

Less is known about the relationship between conduct disorder (CD), callous–unemotional (CU) traits, and positive and negative parenting in youth compared to early childhood. We combined traditional univariate analyses with a novel machine learning classifier (Angle-based Generalized Matrix Learning Vector Quantization) to classify youth (N = 756; 9–18 years) into typically developing (TD) or CD groups with or without elevated CU traits (CD/HCU, CD/LCU, respectively) using youth- and parent-reports of parenting behavior. At the group level, both CD/HCU and CD/LCU were associated with high negative and low positive parenting relative to TD. However, only positive parenting differed between the CD/HCU and CD/LCU groups. In classification analyses, performance was best when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD groups and poorest when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. Positive and negative parenting were both relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD, negative parenting was most relevant when distinguishing between CD/LCU and TD, and positive parenting was most relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. These findings suggest that while positive parenting distinguishes between CD/HCU and CD/LCU, negative parenting is associated with both CD subtypes. These results highlight the importance of considering multiple parenting behaviors in CD with varying levels of CU traits in late childhood/adolescence.

Keywords

angle-based generalized matrix learning vector quantizationcallous–unemotional traitsconduct disordermachine learningparenting

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Type
Regular Articles
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Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , August 2021 , pp. 980 - 991
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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