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Autonomic complexity and emotion (dys-)regulation in early childhoodacross high- and low-risk contexts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2019

Daniel Berry ,
Alyssa R. Palmer ,
Rebecca Distefano  and
Ann S. Masten
Daniel Berry*
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Alyssa R. Palmer
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Rebecca Distefano
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Ann S. Masten
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Daniel Berry,Institute of Child Development,University of Minnesota, 51 East RiverParkway, Minneapolis, MN55455; E-mail: dberry@umn.edu.
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Abstract

Developing the ability to regulate one's emotions in accordance withcontextual demands (i.e., emotion regulation) is a central developmental task ofearly childhood. These processes are supported by the engagement of theautonomic nervous system (ANS), a physiological hub of a vast network taskedwith dynamically integrating real-time experiential inputs with internalmotivational and goal states. To date, much of what is known about the ANS andemotion regulation has been based on measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, acardiac indicator of parasympathetic activity. In the present study, we drawfrom dynamical systems models to introduce two nonlinear indices of cardiaccomplexity (fractality and sample entropy) as potential indicators of thesebroader ANS dynamics. Using data from a stratified sample of preschoolers livingin high- (i.e., emergency homeless shelter) and low-risk contexts(N = 115), we show that, in conjunction withrespiratory sinus arrhythmia, these nonlinear indices may help to clarifyimportant differences in the behavioral manifestations of emotion regulation. Inparticular, our results suggest that cardiac complexity may be especially usefulfor discerning active, effortful emotion regulation from less effortfulregulation and dysregulation.

Keywords

autonomic nervous systemdynamical systemsemotion regulationentropyfractalrespiratory sinus arrhythmia

Information

Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 31 , Special Issue 3: Emotion Dysregulation and EmergingPsychopathology , August 2019 , pp. 1173 - 1190
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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