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Does early maternal responsiveness buffer prenatal tobacco exposure effects on young children's behavioral disinhibition?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2018

Caron A. C. Clark ,
Suena H. Massey ,
Sandra A. Wiebe ,
Kimberly Andrews Espy  and
Lauren S. Wakschlag
Caron A. C. Clark*
Affiliation:
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Suena H. Massey
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
Sandra A. Wiebe
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Kimberly Andrews Espy
Affiliation:
Office of the Provost, University of San Antonio at Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Lauren S. Wakschlag
Affiliation:
Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Caron Clark, Department of Educational Psychology, 241 TEAC Building, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588; E-mail: cclark4@unl.edu
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Abstract

Children with prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) exhibit early self-regulatory impairments, reflecting a life-course persistent propensity toward behavioral disinhibition. Previously, we demonstrated the protective role of parental responsiveness for reducing the risk of exposure-related disruptive behavior in adolescence. Here, we expanded this line of inquiry, examining whether responsiveness moderates the relation of PTE to a broader set of behavioral disinhibition features in early childhood and testing alternative diathesis-stress versus differential susceptibility explanatory models. PTE was assessed prospectively using interviews and bioassays in the Midwestern Infant Development Study (MIDS). Mother-child dyads (N = 276) were re-assessed at approximately 5 years of age in a preschool follow-up. We quantified maternal responsiveness and child behavioral disinhibition using a combination of directly observed activities in the lab and developmentally sensitive questionnaires. Results supported a diathesis-stress pattern. Children with PTE and less responsive mothers showed increased disruptive behavior and lower effortful control compared with children without PTE. In contrast, exposed children with more responsive mothers had self-regulatory profiles similar to their non-exposed peers. We did not observe sex differences. Findings provide greater specification of the protective role of maternal responsiveness for self-regulation in children with PTE and help clarify mechanisms that may underscore trajectories of exposure-related behavioral disinhibition.

Keywords

disruptive behaviorexecutive functionparentingprenatal tobacco exposureself-regulation
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , October 2019 , pp. 1285 - 1298
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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