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Getting in synch: Unpacking the role of parent–child synchrony in the development of internalizing and externalizing behaviors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2021

Laura E. Quiñones-Camacho Open the ORCID record for Laura E. Quiñones-Camacho [Opens in a new window] ,
Caroline P. Hoyniak ,
Lauren S. Wakschlag  and
Susan B. Perlman
Laura E. Quiñones-Camacho*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Caroline P. Hoyniak
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Lauren S. Wakschlag
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
Susan B. Perlman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Laura E. Quiñones-Camacho, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; E-mail: quinonescamachole@wustl.edu
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Abstract

While substantial research supports the role of parent–child interactions on the emergence of psychiatric symptoms, few studies have explored biological mechanisms for this association. The current study explored behavioral and neural parent–child synchronization during frustration and play as predictors of internalizing and externalizing behaviors across a span of 1.5 years. Parent–child dyads first came to the laboratory when the child was 4–5 years old and completed the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Biological Synchrony (DB-DOS: BioSync) task while functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data were recorded. Parents reported on their child's internalizing and externalizing behaviors using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) four times over 1.5 years. Latent growth curve (LGC) modeling was conducted to assess neural and behavioral synchrony as predictors of internalizing and externalizing trajectories. Consistent with previous investigations in this age range, on average, internalizing and externalizing behaviors decreased over the four time points. Parent–child neural synchrony during a period of play predicted rate of change in internalizing but not externalizing behaviors such that higher parent–child neural synchrony was associated with a more rapid decrease in internalizing behaviors. Our results suggest that a parent–child dyad's ability to coordinate neural activation during positive interactions might serve as a protective mechanism in the context of internalizing behaviors.

Keywords

externalizinginternalizingneural synchronyparent–child synchronyprefrontal cortex (PFC)

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