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Maternal and environmental factors influence the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to corticotropin-releasing hormone infusion in offspring of mothers with or without mood disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2006

DONNA S. RONSAVILLE ,
GIOVANNA MUNICCHI ,
CAROLYN LANEY ,
GIOVANNI CIZZA ,
STEPHANIE E. MEYER ,
ADAM HAIM ,
MARIAN RADKE-YARROW ,
GEORGE CHROUSOS ,
PHILLIP W. GOLD  and
PEDRO E. MARTINEZ
DONNA S. RONSAVILLE
Affiliation:
NIMH
GIOVANNA MUNICCHI
Affiliation:
NICHD
CAROLYN LANEY
Affiliation:
NIMH
GIOVANNI CIZZA
Affiliation:
NIDDK
STEPHANIE E. MEYER
Affiliation:
NIMH University of California
ADAM HAIM
Affiliation:
NIMH
MARIAN RADKE-YARROW
Affiliation:
NIMH
GEORGE CHROUSOS
Affiliation:
NICHD
PHILLIP W. GOLD
Affiliation:
NIMH
PEDRO E. MARTINEZ
Affiliation:
NIMH
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Abstract

Individuals with melancholic major depression exhibit basal hypercortisolism and an attenuated ACTH response to exogenous corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) infusion. Given the greater incidence of depression in children of depressed parents, we examined the ACTH and cortisol responses to ovine CRH (oCRH) infusion in 63 adolescent offspring of mothers with major depression, bipolar illness, or no psychiatric illness. Psychiatric and observational assessments of these families had been conducted over the course of 10 years preceding this study. We examined the children's responses to CRH in relation to maternal characteristics and family environment and found the following: (a) cortisol responses were negatively related to chronic family stress and (b) offspring of depressed mothers with an avoidant personality disorder showed an exaggerated ACTH response. In addition, adolescents in late puberty (Tanner 4 and 5) had lower ACTH and cortisol responses to oCRH infusion than those in early puberty. Further, offspring with early histories of mood problems, and those who developed major depressive disorder as young adults, did not exhibit basal hypercortisolism but did show an attenuated ACTH response to CRH. Our results add to the growing body of literature showing the influence of maternal characteristics and environmental factors on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis patterns in children.We acknowledge the efforts of our predecessors on this project, whose work made this study possible. In addition, we thank Ann Mayfield, Sara Torvik, and Patricia Kasdan for their recruitment efforts and Sue Harris and Hayley Kleitz for their editorial comments on the manuscript. Finally, we thank all of the mothers and their children who have dedicated their time to this study over the course of 20 years.

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Type
Research Article
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Development and Psychopathology , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , March 2006 , pp. 173 - 194
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press

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