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Parsing neurodevelopmental features of irritability and anxiety: Replication and validation of a latent variable approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2019

Elise M. Cardinale ,
Katharina Kircanski ,
Julia Brooks ,
Andrea L. Gold ,
Kenneth E. Towbin ,
Daniel S. Pine ,
Ellen Leibenluft  and
Melissa A. Brotman
Elise M. Cardinale*
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Katharina Kircanski
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Julia Brooks
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Andrea L. Gold
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Kenneth E. Towbin
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Daniel S. Pine
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Ellen Leibenluft
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Melissa A. Brotman
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Elise M. Cardinale, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 15K, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892-2670; E-mail: elise.cardinale@nih.gov.
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Abstract

Irritability and anxiety are two common clinical phenotypes that involve high-arousal negative affect states (anger and fear), and that frequently co-occur. Elucidating how these two forms of emotion dysregulation relate to perturbed neurodevelopment may benefit from alternate phenotyping strategies. One such strategy applies a bifactor latent variable approach that can parse shared versus unique mechanisms of these two phenotypes. Here, we aim to replicate and extend this approach and examine associations with neural structure in a large transdiagnostic sample of youth (N = 331; M = 13.57, SD = 2.69 years old; 45.92% male). FreeSurfer was used to extract cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume. The current findings replicated the bifactor model and demonstrate measurement invariance as a function of youth age and sex. There were no associations of youth's factor scores with cortical thickness, surface area, or subcortical volume. However, we found strong convergent and divergent validity between parent-reported irritability and anxiety factors with clinician-rated symptoms and impairment. A general negative affectivity factor was robustly associated with overall functional impairment across symptom domains. Together, these results support the utility of the bifactor model as an alternative phenotyping strategy for irritability and anxiety, which may aid in the development of targeted treatments.

Keywords

anxietybifactor modelcortical structureirritabilitysubcortical volume
Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 31 , Special Issue 3: Emotion Dysregulation and Emerging Psychopathology , August 2019 , pp. 917 - 929
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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