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Stress perception following childhood adversity: Unique associations with adversity type and sex

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2019

Allison M. LoPilato ,
Jean Addington ,
Carrie E. Bearden ,
Kristin S. Cadenhead ,
Tyrone D. Cannon ,
Barbara A. Cornblatt ,
Daniel H. Mathalon ,
Thomas H. McGlashan ,
Diana O. Perkins  and
Ming T. Tsuang
...Show all authors
Allison M. LoPilato*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Jean Addington
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
Carrie E. Bearden
Affiliation:
Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior & Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
Kristin S. Cadenhead
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CaliforniaUSA
Tyrone D. Cannon
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Barbara A. Cornblatt
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Queens, New York, USA
Daniel H. Mathalon
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
Thomas H. McGlashan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Diana O. Perkins
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Ming T. Tsuang
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CaliforniaUSA
Scott W. Woods
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Elaine F. Walker
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Allison M. LoPilato, Emory School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 12 Executive Park, Atlanta, GA30329; E-mail: allison.lopilato@emory.edu.
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Abstract

Childhood adversity is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes across the life span. Alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis are considered a key mechanism underlying these associations, although findings have been mixed. These inconsistencies suggest that other aspects of stress processing may underlie variations in this these associations, and that differences in adversity type, sex, and age may be relevant. The current study investigated the relationship between childhood adversity, stress perception, and morning cortisol, and examined whether differences in adversity type (generalized vs. threat and deprivation), sex, and age had distinct effects on these associations. Salivary cortisol samples, daily hassle stress ratings, and retrospective measures of childhood adversity were collected from a large sample of youth at risk for serious mental illness including psychoses (n = 605, mean age = 19.3). Results indicated that childhood adversity was associated with increased stress perception, which subsequently predicted higher morning cortisol levels; however, these associations were specific to threat exposures in females. These findings highlight the role of stress perception in stress vulnerability following childhood adversity and highlight potential sex differences in the impact of threat exposures.

Keywords

childhood adversitycortisoldeprivationstress perceptionthreat

Information

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 32 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 343 - 356
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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