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Temperament, character and personality disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

P. Jylhä ,
M. Ketokivi ,
O. Mantere ,
T. Melartin ,
K. Suominen ,
M. Vuorilehto ,
M. Holma ,
I. Holma  and
E. Isometsä
P. Jylhä
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Jorvi Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Espoo, Finland
M. Ketokivi
Affiliation:
Operations and Technology Department, IE Business School, Madrid, Spain
O. Mantere
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
T. Melartin
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
K. Suominen
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland City of Helsinki, Health Centre, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
M. Vuorilehto
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
M. Holma
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
I. Holma
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
E. Isometsä*
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
*
*Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 22, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Tel.: +358 9 47163728; fax: +358 9 47163735. E-mail addresses:erkki.isometsa@hus.fi, erkki.isometsa@helsinki.fi (E. Isometsä).
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Abstract

Objective

To study, whether temperament and character remain stable over time and whether they differ between patients with and without personality disorder (PD) and between patients with specific PDs.

Methods

Patients with (n = 225) or without (n = 285) PD from Jorvi Bipolar Study, Vantaa Depression Study (VDS) and Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study were interviewed at baseline and at 18 months, and in the VDS also at 5 years. A general population comparison group (n = 264) was surveyed by mail.

Results

Compared with non-PD patients, PD patients scored lower on self-directedness and cooperativeness. Cluster B and C PDs associated with high Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance, respectively. In logistic regression models, sensitivity and specificity of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) dimensions for presence of any PD were 53% and 75%, and for specific PDs from 11% to 41% and from 92% to 100%, respectively. The 18-month test-retest correlations of TCI-R dimensions ranged from 0.58 to 0.82.

Conclusions

Medium-term temporal stability of TCI in a clinical population appears good. Character scores differ markedly between PD and non-PD patients, whereas temperament scores differ only somewhat between the specific PDs. However, the TCI dimensions capture only a portion of the differences between PD and non-PD patients.

Keywords

Personality disorderComorbidityTemperamentCharacterPersonality
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 28 , Issue 8 , October 2013 , pp. 483 - 491
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS

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