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Twentieth-Century Mexican Education: A Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2017

Donald J. Mabry
Donald J. Mabry*
Affiliation:
Mississippi State University
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Extract

The central issue of twentieth-century Mexican historiography is the effect of the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) on the society. The official interpretation holds that the Revolution was a true social revolution that not only ended the neocolonialist society governed by Porfirio Díaz but also institutionalized social change. Hence, Mexican Revolution is always capitalized and the government's political party is the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Critics see the Revolution and the society it produced in a different light. Some assert that the Revolution changed little except to bring a different clique to power. Others argue that the Revolution died in 1940 when reformist president Lázaro Cárdenas turned the presidential office over to a conservative successor. Those using Marxist analysis deny that the Revolution was a revolution; to them, Mexico was and is a capitalist society operated for the benefit of the national and international bourgeoisie.

Type
Essay Reviews
Information
History of Education Quarterly , Volume 25 , Issue 1-2 , Spring-Summer 1985 , pp. 221 - 226
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 by History of Education Society 

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References

Notes

1. A good example of an official version is Ahuja, Victor Bravo and Carranza, José Antonio, La obra educativè (Mexico, 1976). See Huitrón, Guadalupe Monroy, Política educative de la Revolución (1910–1940) (Mexico, 1975) for the educational goals of the Revolution.Google Scholar

2. Robles, Martha, Educación y sociedad en la historia de México (Mexico, 1977) has gone through five editions. Myers, Charles N., Education and National Development in Mexico (Princeton, 1965) is the best study on the subject.Google Scholar

3. These statistics are from Vaughn, Mary Kay, The State, Education, and Social Class in Mexico, 1880–1928 (Dekalb, IL, 1982).Google Scholar

4. The cultural mission program is outlined in Sierra, Augusto Santiago, Las misiones culturales (Mexico, 1973).Google Scholar

5. Bremauntz, Alberto, La educación socialista en Mexico (antecedentes y fundamentos de la Reforma de 1934 (Mexico, 1943); Raby, David, Educación y revolunción social en Mexico (Mexico, 1974); Britton, John, Educación y radicalismo en México, 2 vols. (Mexico, 1976); Lerner, Victoria, La educación socialista (Mexico, 1979).Google Scholar

6. The 1980 statistics are from Secretaría de Programación y Presupuesto, , Agenda estadística 1982 (Mexico, 1983).Google Scholar

7. Booth, George, Mexico's School Made Society (Palo Alto, CA, 1941); Sanchez, George, Mexico, A Revolution By Education (New York, 1936); Kneller, George, The Education of the Mexican Nation (New York, 1951); Ruiz, Ramón, The Challenge of Poverty and Illiteracy (San Marino, CA, 1963); de Knauth, Josefina Vázquez, Nacionalismo y educación en México (Mexico, 1970).Google Scholar

8. King, Richard, The Provincial Universities of Mexico (New York, 1971); Osborne, Thomas II, Higher Education in Mexico: History, Growth, and Problems in a Dichotimized Industry (El Paso, 1976.); and Niebla, Gilberto Guevara, ed., La crisis de la educación superior én Mexico (Mexico, 1981).Google Scholar

9. Examples of individual studies are Mendieta, Lucio y Núñez, , Historia de la Facultad de Derecho (Mexico, 1962) and Cárdenas, Octavio González, Los cién años de la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (Mexico, 1972). There is no good history of UNAM but see Carrancá, Raul, La universidad mexicana (Mexico, 1969). Camp, Roderic, Mexico's Leaders: Their Education and Recruitment (Tempe, 1980) and La formación de un gobernante: la socialización de los líderes en el México post-Revolucionario (Mexico, 1981). Krauze, Enrique, Caudillos culturales en la Revolución Mexicana (Mexico, 1976), Levy, Daniel, University and Government in Mexico: Autonomy in an Authoritarian System (New York, 1980). Mabry, Donald, The Mexican University and the State: Student Conflicts, 1910–1971 (College Station, TX, 1982).Google Scholar

10. See, for example, Cockcroft's, James review of Vázquex, , Nacionalismo y educación en México in the Hispanic American Historical Review (February, 1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar