^{page 29 note 1} Novak, Michael, A New Generation: American and Catholic (New York: Herder and Herder, 1964), pp. 9 and 11Google Scholar.

^{page 29 note 2} See Abramson, Harold, Ethnic Diversity in Catholic America (New York: Wiley, 1973), pp. 18–19Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 3} Cf. Levy, Mark R. and Kramer, Michael S., The Ethnic; Foctor (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973)Google Scholar; also Greeley, Andrew, Ethnicity in the United States: A Preliminary Reconnaissance (New York: Wiley, 1975), pp. 121–155Google Scholar. On related issues, see Hamilton, Richard, Restraining Myths (New York: Wiley, 1975), esp. pp. 147–218Google Scholar.

^{page 31 note 4} Lenski, Gerhard, The Religious Factor (Garden Gity, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1961, 1963)Google Scholar.

^{page 31 note 5} Hanna, Mary, “Religion and Politics: The Influence of Catholicism on American Politics in the Past Decade” (Ph.D. dissertation, 1975, Cornell University)Google Scholar.

^{page 31 note 6} Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, “Bosses and Reformers,” in Coping (New York: Random House Vintage Books, 1975), pp. 53–68Google Scholar.

^{page 31 note 7} Viereck, Peter, Shame and Glory of the Intellectuals (Boston: Beacon, 1953), p. 45Google Scholar.

^{page 31 note 8} A stream of studies, bulletins, and reports on these matters has been generated by Andrew Greeley and his associates at the National Opinion Research Center, the University of Chicago. Those issued before 1975 are cited in Ethnicity. Cf. also Greeley's, The American Catholic: A Social Portrait (New York: Basic Books, 1977)Google Scholar.

^{page 33 note 9} For a critical view, see Hitchcock, James, The Decline and Fall of Radical Catholicism (New York: Herder and Herder, 1971)Google Scholar. For a partisan account, see Wills, Garry, Bare Ruined Choirs (New York: Doubleday, 1971)Google Scholar. For a sympathetic historical overview, see O'Brien, David, The Renewal of American Catholicism (New York: Oxford, 1971)Google Scholar, Two benchmarks for measuring the later mood are Callahan's, DanielThe Mind of the Catholic Layman (New York: Scribner's, 1963)Google Scholar, and Honesty in the Church (New York: Scribner's, 1965)Google Scholar.

^{page 34 note 10} See Niebuhr, Reinhold, Man's Nature and His Communities (New York: Scribner's, 1965)Google Scholar. This book is an account of how Niebuhr fared “in adjusting the original Protestant heritage of individualism and perfectionism.” and how he changed “from a purely Protestant viewpoint to an increasing sympathy for the two other great traditions ot Western culture. Jewish and Catholic” (pp. 15-16).

^{page 35 note 11} I am indebted to Marty, Martin, Righteous Empire: The Protestant Experience in America (New York: Dial, 1970)Google Scholar, forthe citations in this paragraph. See his pp. 16, 88. and 234-35. Marty's discussion of the American Protestant character, in its varieties, is a classic.

^{page 35 note 12} Niebuhr, Reinhold, The Irony of American History (New York: Scribner's, 1952), pp. 115–16Google Scholar, See also his The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness (New York: Scribner's, 1944), p. 11Google ScholarPubMed.

^{page 36 note 13} For my own discussion of five versions of the Protestant civil religions in America, see Choosing Our King (New York: Macmillan, 1973), pp. 103–59Google Scholar. See Marty's and Ahlstrom's essays in this volume.

^{page 37 note 14} Niebuhr, Reinhold, Moral Man and Immoral Society (New York: Scribner's, 1932, 1960), p. ixGoogle Scholar.

^{page 38 note 15} See, e.g., Riordon, William L., Plunkitt of Tammany Hull (New York: McClure, 1905)Google Scholar.

^{page 39 note 16} For a larger discussion of moralism, see Novak, , Choosing our King, pp. 57–102Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 17} Novak, Michael, A Theology for Radical Politics (New York: Herder and Herder, 1969)Google Scholar.

^{page 41 note 18} See my “Needing Niebuhr Again,” Commentary 54 (September 1972), pp. 52–62Google Scholar.

^{page 42 note 19} Cf. Hanna, “Religion and Politics: The Influence of Catholicism on American Politics.”

^{page 43 note 20} See my essay on the Berrigans in Raines, John (ed.), Conspiracy (New York: Harper & Row, 1975)Google Scholar. See also Gray, Francine du Plessix, Divine Disobedience (New York: Knopf, 1970)Google Scholar and O'Rourke, William, The Harrisburg 7 and the New Catholic Left (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1972)Google Scholar, for sympathetic but revealing accounts.

^{page 44 note 21} See Andrew Greeley, Report to the Ford Foundation, 1975.

^{page 45 note 22} See Hamilton, Restraining Myths; also Greeley, Ethnicity, and American Catholics: A Social Portrait.

^{page 45 note 23} Cf. Greeley, Ethnicity.

^{page 46 note 24} Baltzell, E. Digby, The Protestant Establishment (New York: Random House Vintage Books, 1966)Google Scholar.

^{page 47 note 25} See my “The Family out of Favor,” Harper's Magazine (April, 1976), pp. 37–46Google Scholar.

^{page 47 note 26} Two study groups that gather and disseminate useful information on neighborhoods are the National Center for Urban Ethnic Affairs, Washington, DC, and the Institute on Pluralism and Group Identity, the American Jewish Committee, New York, NY.

^{page 48 note 27} Cf. Kristol, Irving, On the Democratic Idea in America (New York: Harper Torch-books, 1973), p. 136Google Scholar.