Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T18:01:54.324Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Emancipation as Moral Regulation: Latin American Feminisms and Neoliberalism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2020

Verónica Schild
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The article argues that feminist emancipation, understood as practices and discourses of self‐development and of solidarity as empowerment, has become entangled with the neoliberal project. Indeed, emancipation as self‐improvement has become synonymous with moral regulation projects that seek to adapt women to global capitalism. The article explores the relation between emancipation and neoliberal regulation from a situated approach by addressing the experience of Latin American feminisms, with a particular focus on Chile. This approach recognizes by implication that Latin American feminisms are co‐extensive, or coeval, with North American and European ones, and are not merely derivative forms.

Type
Articles
Information
Hypatia , Volume 30 , Issue 3: Special Issue: Emancipation , Summer 2015 , pp. 547 - 563
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, Amy. 2008. The politics of our selves: Power, autonomy, and gender in contemporary critical theory. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Alvarez, Sonia, Jay Friedman, Elisabeth, Beckman, Ericka, Blackwell, Maylei, Chinchilla, Norma, Lebon, Nathalie, Navarro, Marysa, and Ríos Toba, Marcela. 2002. Encountering Latin American and Caribbean feminisms. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28 (2): 539–79.Google Scholar
Ben‐Ishai, Elizabeth. 2012. Fostering autonomy: A theory of citizenship, the state, and social service delivery. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Bookman, Ann, and Morgen, Sandra, eds. 1988. Women and the politics of empowerment. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, Wendy. 2005. Neo‐liberalism and the end of liberal democracy. In Edgework: Critical essays on knowledge and politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Carbajal, Mariana. 2014. Ahora el feminismo del Norte tiene que mirar al del Sur. Página/12, October 5. http://pagina12.com.ar/imprimir/diario/sociedad/3-256849-20 (accessed October 30, 2014).Google Scholar
Carneiro, Sueli. 2005. Ennegrecer al feminismo y feminizar la lucha antirracista: Feminismos disidentes en América Latina y el Caribe. Nouvelles Questions Féministes 24 (2): 21–26.Google Scholar
Cecchini, Simone, and Madariaga, Aldo 2011. Conditional cash transfer programs: The recent experience in Latin America and the Caribbean. Santiago: CEPAL.Google Scholar
CEPAL (Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe)–Observatorio de Igualdad de Género de América Latina y el Caribe. 2012. Bonos en la mira: Aporte y carga para las mujeres. Santiago: CEPAL.Google Scholar
Clarke, John. 2004. Changing welfare, changing states. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Code, Lorraine. 2000. The perversion of autonomy and the subjection of women: Discourses of social advocacy at century's end. In Relational autonomy: Feminist perspectives on autonomy, agency, and the social self, ed. Mackenzie, Catriona and Stoljar, Natalie. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cruikshank, Barbara. 1999. The will to empower: Democratic citizens and other subjects. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curiel, Ochy. 2005. Identidades esencialistas o construcción de identidades políticas: El dilema de las feministas negras. In Mujeres desencadenantes: Los estudios de género en la República Dominicana al inicio del tercer Milenio. Santo Domingo: INTEC.Google Scholar
Curiel, Ochy, Falquet, Jules, and Masson, Sabine, eds. 2005. Feminismos disidentes en América Latina y el Caribe. Spanish special issue. Nouvelles Questions Féministes 24 (2).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damián, Gisela Espinosa. 2011. Feminismo popular y feminismo indígena: Abriendo brechas desde la subalternidad. Labrys, études féministes/estudos feministas Janvier/Juin 2011–Jameiro/Junho. http://www.tanianavarroswain.com.br/labrys/labrys19/mexique/sumario.htm (accessed October 15, 2013).Google Scholar
de Rementería, Ibán. 2007. Delincuencia y política. El Mostrador: Columna, October 15. http://www.elmostrador.cl/modulos/noticias/constructor/noticia_imp (accessed November 30, 2007).Google Scholar
ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean). 2013. Social panorama of Latin America. Santiago: ECLAC.Google Scholar
Eisenstein, Hester. 2009. Feminism seduced: How global elites use women's labor and ideas to exploit the world. Boulder, Colo.: Paradigm Publishers.Google Scholar
Evans, Sara E. 1979. Personal politics: The roots of women's liberation in the civil rights movement and the new left. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Evans, Sara E. 1989. Born for liberty: A history of women in America. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Fraile, Lydia. 2009. Lessons from Latin America's neo‐liberal experiment: An overview of labour and social policies since the 1980s. International Labour Review 148 (3): 215–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraser, Nancy. 2013. Fortunes of feminism: From state‐managed capitalism to neoliberal crisis. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Fraser, Nancy, and Gordon, Linda. 2013. A genealogy of dependency: Tracing a keyword of the US welfare state. In Fortunes of feminism: From state‐managed capitalism to neoliberal crisis. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Freire, Paulo. 1970. Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Seabury Press.Google Scholar
Garcia Castro, Mary. 2001. Engendering powers in neoliberal times in Latin America: Reflections from the left on feminisms and feminisms. Latin American Perspectives 28 (6): 17–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gargallo, Francesca. 2007. Multiple feminisms: Feminist ideas and practices in Latin America. In Feminist philosophy in Latin America and Spain, ed. Luisa Femenías, María and Oliver, Amy A. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi B.V.Google Scholar
Ghosh, Jayati. 2011. Dealing with “the poor.” Development and Change 42 (3): 849–58.Google Scholar
Gledhill, John E. 2004. Neoliberalism. In A companion to the anthropology of politics, ed. Vincent, Joan and Nugent, David. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Gould, Jeffrey L. 2009. Solidarity under siege: The Latin American left, 1968. American Historical Review 114 (2): 348–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grandin, Greg. 2004. The last colonial massacre: Latin America in the cold war. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herman, Ellen. 1995. The curious courtship of psychology and women's liberation. In The romance of American psychology: Political culture in the age of experts. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernández, Rosalva Aída. 2008. Feminismos poscoloniales: Reflexiones desde el sur del Río Bravo. In Descolonizando el feminismo: Teorías y prácticas desde los márgenes, ed. Suárez Navaz, Liliana and Aída Hernández, Rosalva. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra.Google Scholar
Hunt, Alan. 1999. Governing morals: A social history of moral regulation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Isserman, Maurice. 1987. If I had a hammer…. The death of the old left and the birth of the new left. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Kabeer, Naila. 2011. Between affiliation and autonomy: Navigating pathways of women's empowerment and gender justice in rural Bangladesh. Development and Change 42 (2): 499–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirkendall, Andrew J. 2004. Paulo Freire, Eduardo Frei, literacy training and the politics of consciousness raising in Chile, 1964 to 1970. Journal of Latin American Studies 36 (2): 687–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkendall, Andrew J. 2010. Paulo Freire and the cold war politics of literacy. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavinas, Lena. 2013. Latin America: Anti‐poverty schemes instead of social protection. Desigualdades.net Working Paper 51. http://www.desigualdades.net/Resources/Working_Paper/51-WP-Lavinas-Online-revised.pdf?1380019055 (accessed February 3, 2015).Google Scholar
Lehman, David. 1990. Democracy and development in Latin America: Economics, politics and religion in the post‐war period. Oxford: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Lemke, T. 2001. “The birth of bio‐politics”: Michel Foucault's lecture at the Collège de France on neo‐liberal governmentality. Economy and Society 30 (2): 190–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemke, T. 2007. An indigestible meal? Foucault, governmentality and state theory. Distinktion: Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory 8 (2): 43–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackenzie, Catriona, and Stoljar, Natalie, eds. 2000. Relational autonomy: Feminist perspectives on autonomy, agency, and the social self. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
MIDEPLAN. 2008. Sistemas de apoyo psicosocial, mujer y familia: Notas tecnicas sobre protección social y género. Documento No. 5. Documento Temático elaborado por MIDEPLAN como material de apoyo al Seminario Protección Social y Género. Santiago: MIDEPLAN.Google Scholar
Millán, Márgara, ed. 2014. Más allá del feminismo: Caminos para andar. Mexico City: Red de Feminismos Descoloniales.Google Scholar
Molyneux, Maxine. 2006. Mothers at the service of the new poverty agenda. Journal of Social Policy and Administration. Special issue on Latin America 40 (2/3): 425–49.Google Scholar
Molyneux, Maxine. 2008. Conditional cash transfers: A “pathway to women's empowerment”? Pathways Working Paper, 5. Sussex, UK: IDS. http://www.pathwaysofempowerment.org/archive_resources/conditional-cash-transfers-a-pathway-to-women-s-empowerment-pathways-working-paper-5 (accessed February 3, 2015).Google Scholar
Moulian, Tomás. 1998. El consumo me consume. Santiago: LOM Libros del Ciudadano.Google Scholar
Nedelsky, Jennifer. 1987. Reconceiving autonomy. Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 1 (7): 7–36.Google Scholar
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development). 2012. OECD economic surveys: Chile 2012. http://www.oecd.org/eco/49398281.pdf (accessed February 3, 2015).Google Scholar
Petchesky, Rosalind. 2010. Critical perspectives on empowerment. Development 53 (2): 181–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramírez, Pedro, and Fouillioux, Matías. 2010. Los pobres que la encuesta CASEN se niega a contar. CIPER, August 9. http://ciperchile.cl/2010/08/09/los-pobres-que-la-encuesta-casen-se-niega (accessed February 2, 2012).Google Scholar
Riesco, Manuel. 2009. Change in the Chilean social model. International Labour Review 148 (3): 283–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rivera Cusicanqui, Silvia. 2010. Ch'ixinakax utxiwa: una reflexión sobre prácticas y discursos descolonizadores. Buenos Aires: Tinta Limón.Google Scholar
Schild, Verónica. 1998. New subjects of rights? Women's movements and the construction of citizenship in the “new democracies.” In Cultures of politics/politics of cultures, ed. Alvarez, Sonia E., Dagnino, Evelina and Escobar, Arturo. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Schild, Verónica. 2007. Empowering “consumer‐citizens” or governing poor female subjects? The institutionalization of “self‐development” in the Chilean social policy field. Journal of Consumer Studies 7 (2): 179–203.Google Scholar
Schild, Verónica. 2013. Care and punishment in Latin America: The gendered neoliberalisation of the Chilean state. In Neoliberalism, interrupted: Social change and contested governance in contemporary Latin America, ed. Goodale, Mark and Postero, Nancy. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Schild, Verónica. 2014a. Institutional feminist networks and their “poor”: Localizing transnational interventions. Journal of Latin American Policy 5 (2): 279–91.Google Scholar
Schild, Verónica. 2014b. Die Spezifik lateinamerikanischer Feminismen in Kontext neoliberaler Regulierung: Beunruhigende Divergenzen – Produktive Ambivalenzen. Das Argument 308 (3): 356–68.Google Scholar
Scott, Joan Wallach. 2012. The vexed relationship of emancipation and equality. History of the Present: A Journal of Critical History 2 (2): 148–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suárez Navaz, Liliana, and Hernández, Rosalva Aída, eds. 2008. Descolonizando el feminismo: Teorías y prácticas desde Los márgenes. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra.Google Scholar
Vargas, Virginia. 2002. Los feminismos latinoamericanos en su tránsito al nuevo milenio. (Una lectura político personal). In Estudios y otras prácticas intelectuales latinoamericanas en cultura y poder, ed. Matos, Daniel. Caracas: CLACSO/CEAP/FACES/Universidad Central de Venezuela.Google Scholar
Vargas, Virginia. 2004. Los feminismos Peruanos: Breve balance de tres décadas. In 25 años de feminismo en el Perú, ed. Centro de la Mujer Peruana Flora Tristán. Lima: Centro de la Mujer Peruana Flora Tristán.Google Scholar
World Bank Public Sector Group, PREM Network. 2000. Reforming public institutions and strengthening governance: A World Bank strategy, November 2000. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.Google Scholar