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Community-Based Preventive and Remedial Measures to Prevent Violent Extremism:A Human Security Approach to Help Transform Conflicts, Improve Social Cohesion and ImproveLocal Security

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 August 2018

Human Security Collective (HSC)
Affiliation:
Human Security Collective (HSC), Riviervismarkt 5, 2513 AM The Hague, The Netherlands

Abstract

This article, presented as part of a panel on “Community-based preventive and remedialmeasures” at a conference on Responses to Female Migration to ISIS, is on ways in whichlocal communities are able to strengthen social cohesion and prevent growing polarization,especially in areas where radicalization to violent extremism takes place. The analysis isbased on the Human Security Collective (HSC)’s work in Palestine, Libya, Tunisia and theNetherlands where we support local communities and the professionals who work with them onaddressing systemic causes that lead to exclusion, alienation and possibly radicalizationleading to violent extremism. We have learnt that approaches to prevent the attraction toviolent extremism networks require methods and processes akin to those developed forconflict transformation. Some of the characteristics of this approach include the inclusionof different stakeholders, local ownership in defining problems and seeking solutions, thebuilding of trusted relationships, the mentoring of young women and men who take on apeer-model role, and the development of innovative small-scale community activities that canthen be taken up by the wider community. HSC and its partners connect these local communityinitiatives to policymakers at municipal, national and international levels. Through theprocess of facilitated dialogue we aim to create “safe spaces” where persons from differentbackgrounds and with different interests are able to meet and exchange practices andpolicies. In this way, policies are validated by lived realities and citizens become awareof the way that policies that influence local security are developed and executed. Thisdialogue leads to a mutual understanding of and improvement in security-related policies.

Abstracto

Este documento, presentado como parte de un panel sobre “medidas preventivas y correctorasbasadas en la Comunidad” en una conferencia sobre respuestas a la migración femenina a ISIS,es sobre las formas en que las comunidades locales son capaces de fortalecer la cohesiónsocial y evitar la creciente polarización, especialmente en áreas donde la radicalización deextremismo violento tiene lugar. El análisis se basa en el trabajo de la Colectiva para laseguridad humana (HSC) en Palestina, Libia, Túnez y los Países Bajos, donde la Colectivaapoya a las comunidades locales y a los profesionales que trabajan con ellos en abordar lascausas sistémicas que conducen a la exclusión, la alienación y la posible radicalización queconduce al extremismo violento. Hemos aprendido que los enfoques para prevenir la atracciónhacia redes de extremismo violento requieren métodos y procesos similares a losdesarrollados para la transformación de conflictos. Algunas de las características de esteenfoque incluyen la inclusión de los diferentes interesados; la apropiación local en ladefinición de los problemas y la búsqueda de soluciones; la construcción de relaciones deconfianza; la tutoría de jóvenes, mujeres y hombres que asumen un papel de modelo entrepares y el desarrollo de nuevas actividades comunitarias en pequeña escala, que luego puedenser asumidas por la comunidad. La Colectiva para la seguridad humana (HSC) y sus sociosconectan estas iniciativas comunitarias locales para los formuladores de políticas a nivelmunicipal, nacional e internacional. Mediante el proceso de facilitar el diálogo tenemos elobjetivo de crear “espacios seguros”, donde personas de diferentes procedencias y condiferentes intereses pueden reunirse e intercambiar prácticas y políticas. De esta maneralas políticas son validadas por realidades vividas y los ciudadanos son conscientes de laforma en que las políticas que influyen en la seguridad local son desarrolladas yejecutadas. Este diálogo conduce a un entendimiento mutuo y a la mejora de las políticasrelacionadas con la seguridad

Abstrait

Cet article, présenté dans le cadre d’un panel sur les « mesures préventives etcorrectives communautaires » lors d’une conférence sur les réponses à la migration féminineà ISIS, est sur la façon dans laquelle les communautés locales sont capables de renforcer lacohésion sociale et prevenir une polarisation croissante, en particulier dans les zones oùla radicalisation à l’extrémisme violent a lieu. L’analyse est basée sur le travail de laHuman Security Collective (HSC) en Palestine, Libye, Tunisie et aux Pays-Bas où noussoutenons les communautés locales et les professionnels qui travaillent avec elles pourlutter contre les causes systémiques qui conduisent à l’exclusion, à l’aliénation etéventuellement à la radicalisation, les poussant à l’extrémisme violent. Nous avons apprisque les approches visant à prévenir les réseaux extrémistes necessitent des méthodes et desprocessus pour développer la transformation des conflits. Certaines des caractéristiques decette approche comprennent l’inclusion des différentes parties prenantes, l’appropriationlocale dans la definition des problèmes et la recherche de solutions; l'établissement desrelations de confiance; le mentorat des jeunes femmes et hommes qui prennent un rôle demodèle de pair; et le développement d’ activités communautaires innovantes à petite échellequi peuvent ensuite être prises en charge par la communauté au sens large.

HSC et ses partenaires relient les initiatives communautaires locales aux décideursmunicipaux, nationaux et internationaux. À travers du processus de dialogue facilité, le HSCvise à créer des «espaces sûrs» dans lesquels les gens peuvent appliquer et échanger despratiques et des politiques. De cette façon, les politiques sont développées et exécutées.Ce dialogue conduit à la compréhension mutuelle et à l’amélioration des politiques liées àla sécurité.

摘要:

本文作为“应对女性向伊斯兰国迁移”的会议中之“基于社区的预防性和补救措施”小组的一部分提出的,是关于如何使当地社区能够加强社会凝聚力并防止两极分化,特别是针对激进的暴力极端主义发生的地区。该分析基于在巴勒斯坦、利比亚、突尼斯和荷兰的人类安全集体(HSC)工作,我们支持当地社区和与他们合作的专业人员致力于解决排斥、疏远和可能激进化从而导致暴力极端主义的系统性问题。我们已经认识到,防止暴力极端主义网络吸引的方法需要类似于为冲突转化而发展的方法和过程。这种方法的一些特点包括:包含不同的利益相关者、定义问题和寻求解决方案的本地所有者、建立信任关系、指导年轻女性和男性建立同伴模式、以及开发被社区广泛采用的创新型小规模社区活动。

HSC和她的合作伙伴将这些当地的社区举措与市政、国家和国际层面的决策者联系起来。通过对话,我们致力于创造“安全空间”,让不同背景、不同兴趣的人能够见面并交流实践和政策。通过这种方式,政策被现实生活验证,公民也认识到影响当地安全的政策的制定和执行方式。这种对话能够促进对安全相关政策的相互理解和改进。

الملخّص

تعالج هذه المقالة، التي تم تقديمها كجزء من قائمة حول “إجراءات وقائيّة وعلاجيّة مجتمعيّة“في مؤتمر حول “الرّدود على هجرة الإناث إلى داعش“، الطرق التي تستطيع بها المجتمعات المحليّةتعزيز التماسك الاجتماعي ومنع الاستقطاب المتزايد، خاصة في المناطق التي يحدث فيها التطرف إلىالتطرف العنيف. ويستند التحليل إلى العمل الجماعي للأمن البشري Human Security Collective (HSC)في فلسطين وليبيا وتونس وهولندا حيث ندعم المجتمعات المحلية والمهنيين الذين يعملون معهم فيمعالجة الأسباب النظاميّة التي تؤدي إلى الاستبعاد، والاغتراب، وربما التطرف المؤدّي إلى التطرفالعنيف. لقد تعلمنا أن مناهج منع الانجذاب إلى شبكات التطرّف العنيف تتطلّب أساليب وعمليّاتمشابهة لتلك التي تطورّت من أجل تحويل الصراع. وتشمل بعض خصائص هذا النهج إدراج مختلف أصحابالمصلحة، والملكية المحلية في تحديد المشاكل، والسعي إلى إيجاد حلول، وبناء علاقات موثوقة،وتوجيه الشّابات والشبان الذين يتبنّون الدّور النموذجي بين الأقران، وتطوير أﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔمبتكرة وﺻﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﺤﺠﻢ الّتي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ للمجتمع اﻷوﺳﻊ القيام بها

تربط HSC وشركاؤها مبادرات المجتمعات المحليّة هذه بصانعي السياسات على المستويات البلديّةوالوطنيّة والدوليّة. ونهدف، من خلال عمليّة الحوار الميسّر، إلى إنشاء “مساحات آمنة“ تمكّنالأشخاص ذوي خلفيات ومصالح مختلفة من مقابلة الممارسات والسياسات وتبادلها. وبهذه الطريقة يتمالتحقّق من صحّة السياسات من خلال الحقائق الحيّة، ويعي المواطنون الطريقة التي يتم بها تطويروتنفيذ السّياسات التي تؤثّر على الأمن المحلي. يؤدي هذا الحوار إلى فهم متبادل في السياساتالمتعلقة بالأمن وتطويرها.

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© 2018 International Society of Criminology 

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