Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-w7rtg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-20T22:37:38.994Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dark Matter in Groups and Clusters of Galaxies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

Jaan Einasto  and
Maret Einasto
Jaan Einasto
Affiliation:
Tartu Observatory, Estonia
Maret Einasto
Affiliation:
Tartu Observatory, Estonia

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We compare the characteristics of stellar populations with those of dark halos. Dark matter around galaxies, and in groups, clusters and voids is discussed. Modern data suggest that the overall density of matter in the Universe is ΩM = 0.3 ± 0.1, about 80 % of this matter is nonbaryonic dark matter, and about 20 % is baryonic, mostly in the form of hot intra-cluster and intragroup gas, the rest in stellar populations of galaxies. All bright galaxies are surrounded by dark matter halos of external radii 200 − 300 kpc; halos consist mostly of non-baryonic matter with some mixture of hot gas. The Universe is dominated by dark energy (cosmological constant) term. Dark matter dominates in the dynamical evolution of galaxies in groups and clusters.

Type
Part 5. Dark Matter and Clustering
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 174: Small Galaxy Groups , 2000 , pp. 360 - 372
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2000

References

Bahcall, J.N. 1984a, ApJ, 276, 169 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bahcall, J.N. 1984b, ApJ, 287, 926 Google Scholar
Bahcall, J.N. 1987, in Dark Matter in the Universe, eds. Kormendy, J. & Knapp, G.R., Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 17 Google Scholar
Bahcall, N. in Critical Dialogues in Cosmology, edt. Turok, N., World Scientific, Singapore, p. 221 Google Scholar
Bahcall, N.A., & Fan, X. 1998, ApJ, 504, 1 Google Scholar
Bertola, F., Pizzella, A., Persic, M., & Salucci, P. 1993, ApJ, 416, L45 Google Scholar
Bertela, F., & Tullio, G.di 1976, in Stars and Galaxies from Observational Points of View, ed. Kharadze, E.K., Mecniereba, Tbilisi, p. 423 Google Scholar
Blumenthal, G.R., Faber, S.M., Primack, J.R. & Rees, M.J. 1984, Nature, 311, 517 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Böhringer, H. 1995, in Reviews in Modem Astronomy, 8, ed. Klare, G., Springer Google Scholar
Broadhurst, T., & Jaffe, A.H. 1999, ApJ (submitted) [astroph/9904348]Google Scholar
Burbidge, G. 1975, ApJ, 196, L7 Google Scholar
Carlberg, R.G., Yee, H.K.C., & Ellington, E. 1997, ApJ, 478, 462 Google Scholar
Cen, R., & Ostriker, J.P. 1992, ApJ, 399, L113 Google Scholar
Cen, R., & Ostriker, J.P. 1999, ApJ (in preparation)Google Scholar
Chernin, A.D. 1981, Astr. Zh., 58, 25 Google Scholar
Chernin, A.D., Einasto, J., & Saar, E. 1976, Ap&SS, 39, 53 Google Scholar
David, L.P., Jones, C., & Forman, W. 1996, ApJ, 473, 692 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubinski, J. 1998, ApJ, 502, 141 Google Scholar
Eelsalu, H. 1959, Tartu Astr. Obs. Publ., 33, 153 Google Scholar
Einasto, J. 1969, Astrofizika 5, 137.Google Scholar
Einasto, J. 1974, in Stars and the Milky Way System, Vol. 2, Ed. Mavridis, L.N., Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, p. 291 Google Scholar
Einasto, J., Einasto, M., Tago, E., Müller, V., Knebe, A., Cen, R., Starobinsky, A.A., & Atrio-Barandela, F. 1999, ApJ, 519, 456 Google Scholar
Einasto, J., & Haud, U. 1989, A&A, 223, 89 Google Scholar
Einasto, J., Jõeveer, M., & Kaasik, A. 1976, Tartu Astr. Obs. Teated, 54, 3 Google Scholar
Einasto, J., Jõeveer, M., Kaasik, A., & Vennik, J. 1976, in Stars and Galaxies from Observational Points of View, ed. Kharadze, E.K., Mecniereba, Tbilisi, p. 431 Google Scholar
Einasto, J., Jõeveer, M., & Saar, E. 1980, MNRAS, 193, 353 Google Scholar
Einasto, J., Kaasik, A., & Saar, E. 1974, Nature, 250, 309 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Einasto, J., & Lynden Bell, D. 1982, MNRAS, 199, 67 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Einasto, J., Saar, E., Einasto, M., Freudling, W., & Gramann, M. 1994, ApJ, 429, 465 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Einasto, J., Saar, E., Kaasik, A. & Chernin, A.D. 1974, Nature, 252, 111 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eke, V., Cole, S., Frenk, C.S., & Henry, J.P. 1998, MNRAS, 298, 1145 Google Scholar
Fesenko, B.I. 1976, in Stars and Galaxies from Observational Points of View, ed. Kharadze, E.K., Mecniereba, Tbilisi, p. 486 Google Scholar
Freeman, K.C. 1970, ApJ, 160, 811 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilmore, G. 1990, in Baryonic Dark Matter, eds. Lynden-Bell, D. & Gilmore, G., Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 137 Google Scholar
Haud, U., & Einasto, J. 1989, A&A, 223, 95 Google Scholar
Jaaniste, J., & Saar, E. 1975, Tartu Astr. Obs. Publ., 43, 216 Google Scholar
Jõeveer, M. 1972, Tartu Astr. Obs. Publ., 37, 3 Google Scholar
Jõeveer, M. 1974, Tartu Astr. Obs. Teated, 46, 35 Google Scholar
Jõeveer, M., & Einasto, J. 1978, in The Large Scale Structure of the Universe, eds. Longair, M.S. & Einasto, J., Reidel, p. 409 Google Scholar
Jõeveer, M., Einasto, J., & Tago, E. 1978, MNRAS, 185, 35 Google Scholar
Kahn, F.D., & Woltjer, L. 1959, ApJ, 130, 705 Google Scholar
Karachentsev, I.D. 1976, in Stars and Galaxies from Observational Points of View, ed. Kharadze, E.K., Mecniereba, Tbilisi, p. 439 Google Scholar
Katz, N., Hernquist, L. & Weinberg, D.H. 1992, ApJ, 399, L109 Google Scholar
Katz, N., Weinberg, D.H., & Hernquist, L. 1996, ApJS, 105, 19 Google Scholar
Komberg, B.V., & Novikov, I.D. 1975, Pisma Astron. Zh. 1, 3 Google Scholar
Kormendy, J., & Knapp, G.R. 1987, Dark Matter in the Universe, IAU Symp. No. 117, Reidel, Dordrecht CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhn, T.S. 1970, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago Google Scholar
Kull, A., & Böhringer, H. 1999, A&A, 341, 23 Google Scholar
Kuzmin, G.G. 1952, Tartu Astr. Obs. Publ., 32, 5 Google Scholar
Materne, J., & Tammann, G.A. 1976, in Stars and Galaxies from Observational Points of View, ed. Kharadze, E.K., Mecniereba, Tbilisi, p. 455 Google Scholar
Mellier, Y., Fort, B., & Kneib, J.-P. 1993, ApJ, 407, 33 Google Scholar
Mohr, J.J., Mathiesen, B., & Evrard, A.E. 1999, ApJ, 517, 627 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulchaey, J.S., & Zabludoff, A.I. 1999, ApJ, 514, 133 Google Scholar
Oleak, H. 1976, in Stars and Galaxies from Observational Points of View, ed. Kharadze, E.K., Mecniereba, Tbilisi, p. 451 Google Scholar
Oort, J.H. 1932, Bull. Astr. Inst. Netherlands, 6, 249 Google Scholar
Oort, J.H. 1960, Bull. Astr. Inst. Netherlands, 15, 45 Google Scholar
Ostriker, J.P., Peebles, P.J.E. 1973, ApJ, 186, 467 Google Scholar
Ostriker, J.P., Peebles, P.J.E. & Yahil, A. 1974, ApJ, 193, L1Google Scholar
Perlmutter, S. et al. 1998, Nature, 391, 51 Google Scholar
Perlmutter, S. et al. 1999, ApJ, 517, 565 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Persie, M., Salucci, P., & Stel, F. 1996, MNRAS, 281, 27 Google Scholar
Pildis, R.A., Bregman, J.N., & Evrard, A.E. 1995, ApJ, 443, 514 Google Scholar
Ponman, T.J., & Bertram, D. 1993, Nature, 363, 51 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Primack, J.R. 1984, Dark matter, galaxies, and large scale structure of the Universe, SLAC Publ. 3387 Google Scholar
Press, W.H. & Schechter, P.L. 1974, ApJ, 187, 425 Google Scholar
Rees, M. 1977, in Evolution of Galaxies and Stellar Populations, ed. Tinsley, B.M. & Larson, R.B., New Haven, Yale Univ. Obs., 339 Google Scholar
Riess, A.G. et al. 1998, AJ, 116, 1009 Google Scholar
Roberts, M.S., & Whitehurst, R.N. 1975, ApJ, 201, 327 Google Scholar
Rubin, V.C. 1987, in Dark Matter in the Universe, eds. Kormendy, J. & Knapp, G.R., Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 51 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubin, V.C., Ford, W.K. & Thonnard, N. 1978, ApJ, 225, L107 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubin, V.C., Ford, W.K. & Thonnard, N. 1980, ApJ, 238, 471 Google Scholar
Shaya, E.J., Peebles, P.J.E., Tully, R.B. & Phelps, S.D. 2000, these proceedingsGoogle Scholar
Schindler, S., Guzzo, L., Ebeling, H., Böhringer, H., Chincarini, G., Collins, C.A., de Grandi, S., Neumann, D.M., Briel, U.G., Shaver, P., & Vettolani, G. 1995, A&A, 299, L9 Google Scholar
Schramm, D.N. & Turner, M.S. 1998, Rev. Mod. Phys., 70, 303 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sizikov, V.S. 1969, Astrofizika, 5, 317 Google Scholar
Tenjes, P., Haud, U., & Einasto, J. 1994, A&A, 286, 753 Google Scholar
Tremaine, S. 1987, in Dark Matter in the Universe, eds. Kormendy, J. & Knapp, G.R., Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 547 Google Scholar
Turner, M.S. 1999a, Physica Scripta (in press), [astro-ph/9901109]Google Scholar
Turner, M.S. 1999b, [astro-ph/9904049]Google Scholar
van den Bergh, S. 1999, PASP, 111, 657 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watt, M.P., Ponman, T.J., Bertram, D., Eyles, C.J., Skinner, G.K., & Willmore, A.P. 1992, MNRAS, 258, 738 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, S.D.M., Davis, M., & Frenk, C.S. 1984, MNRAS, 209, 27PGoogle Scholar
Zeldovich, Ya.B. 1970, A&A, 5, 84 Google Scholar
Zeldovich, Ya.B., Einasto, J. & Shandarin, S.F. 1982, Nature, 300, 407 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zwicky, F. 1933, Helv. Phys. Acta 6, 110 Google Scholar