Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T18:47:56.068Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A 160-GHz system in package for short-range mm-wave applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2014

Abouzar Hamidipour*
Affiliation:
Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria. Phone: +43 732 2468 6388
Reinhard Feger
Affiliation:
Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria. Phone: +43 732 2468 6388 Christian Doppler Laboratory for Integrated Radar Sensors, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
Sebastian Poltschak
Affiliation:
Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria. Phone: +43 732 2468 6388
Andreas Stelzer
Affiliation:
Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria. Phone: +43 732 2468 6388 Christian Doppler Laboratory for Integrated Radar Sensors, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
*
Corresponding author: A. Hamidipour Email: a.hamidipour@nthfs.jku.at

Abstract

This paper proposes a fully integrated 160-GHz transmitter and receiver in package for millimeter-wave applications. The monolithic integrated circuits were designed with a harmonic approach and were fabricated using a SiGe:C HBT production technology with an fT and fmax of 170 and 250 GHz, respectively. The manufactured 2006 × 1865 µm2 bare dies were integrated in 6 × 6 mm2 embedded wafer level ball grid array packages, where they were interconnected with highly directional antennas built on the redistribution layer of the packages. With a total frequency multiplication factor of 36 and an active balun at the first stage, the transmitter allows the use of a 4.5-GHz input signal driven from a single-ended signal source [1] and distributed on a standard low-cost printed circuit board. The receiver comprises a Gilbert-cell-based subharmonic mixer with a simulated 1-dB input compression point of −4 dBm, and a minimum double-sideband noise figure of 16.5 dB. The functionality of the proposed system was successfully demonstrated in a quasi-monostatic FMCW radar measurement with a 1-ms up-chirp frequency sweep from 157 to 160 GHz and in a forward-scatter imaging experiment with an 8-GHz frequency ramp from 157 to 165 GHz.

Type
Research Paper
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1]Ng, H.J. et al. : A DLL-Supported, Low phase noise fractional-N PLL with a wideband VCO and a highly linear frequency ramp generator for FMCW radars. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, 99 (2013), 114.Google Scholar
[2]Heinemann, B. et al. : SiGe HBT technology with fT/fmax of 300/500 GHz and 2.0 ps CML gate delay, in IEDM Tech. Digest, December 2010, 688–691.Google Scholar
[3]Sarmah, N. et al. : 160-GHz power amplifier design in advanced SiGe HBT technologies with Psat in excess of 10 dBm. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 61 (2) (2013), 939947.Google Scholar
[4]Zhao, Y. et al. : A 160-GHz subharmonic transmitter and receiver chipset in an SiGe HBT technology. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 60 (10) (2012), 32863299.Google Scholar
[5]Schmalz, K. et al. : A 245-GHz LNA in SiGe technology. IEEE Microw. Wireless Comp. Lett., 22 (10) (2012), 533535.Google Scholar
[6]Yanfei, M. et al. : 245-GHz LNA, mixer, and subharmonic receiver in SiGe technology. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 60 (12) (2012), 38233833.Google Scholar
[7]Cheema, H.M.; Shamim, A.: The last barrier: on-chip antennas. IEEE Microw. Magazine, 14 (1) (2013), 7991.Google Scholar
[8]Baek, Y.H. et al. : 94-GHz log-periodic antenna on GaAs substrate using air-bridge structure. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 8 (2009) 909911.Google Scholar
[9]May, J.W. et al. : A 3 G-Bit/s W-Band SiGe ASK receiver with a high-efficiency on-chip electromagnetically-coupled antenna, in IEEE Proc. Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symp., 2010, 87–90.Google Scholar
[10]Babakhani, A. et al. : A 77-GHz phased-array transceiver with on-chip antennas in silicon: receiver and antennas. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 41 (12) (2006), 27952806.Google Scholar
[11]Liu, D. et al. : Advanced Millimeter-wave Technologies: Antennas, Packaging and Circuits, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2009.Google Scholar
[12]Zhang, Y.P.; Liu, D.: Antenna-on-chip and antenna-in-package solutions to highly integrated millimeter-wave devices for wireless communications. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 57 (10) (2009), 28302841.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[13]Brunnbauer, M. et al. : Embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB), in Electronic Packaging Technology Conf. (EPTC), 2006.Google Scholar
[14]Brunnbauer, M. et al. : An embedded device technology based on a molded reconfigured wafer, in Electronic Components and Technology Conf., 2006.Google Scholar
[15]Wojnowski, M. et al. : Embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) technology for millimeter-wave applications, in Electronic Packaging Technology Conf. (EPTC), 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[16]Boeck, J. et al. : Low-cost eWLB packaging for automotive radar MMICs in the 76–81 GHz range. Int. J. Microw. Wireless Tech., (2013), 2534.Google Scholar
[17]Fischer, A. et al. : A 77-GHz antenna in package, in European Radar Conf. (EuRAD), 2011, 428431.Google Scholar
[18]Fischer, A. et al. : A 77-GHz antenna and fully integrated radar transceiver in package. Int. J. Microw. Wireless Tech., 4 (4) (2012), 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[19]Hasch, J. et al. : Millimeter-wave technology for automotive radar sensors in the 77 GHz frequency band. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 60 (3) (2012), 845860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[20]Hamidipour, A. et al. : Characterization of differential transmission lines for integrated millimeter-wave applications. IEEE Microw. Wireless Comp. Lett., 22 (4) (2012), 188190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[21]Hamidipour, A. et al. : A comparison of power amplifiers in two generations of SiGe:C technologies, in German Microw. Conf. (GeMiC), 2012.Google Scholar
[22]Fischer, A. et al. : A 77-GHz SiGe frequency multiplier (×18) for radar transceivers. IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Tech. Meeting (BCTM), 2010, 7376.Google Scholar
[23]Hamidipour, A. et al. : A rhombic antenna array solution in eWLB package for millimeter-wave applications, in Proc. European Microw. Conf. (EuMC), 2012, 205208.Google Scholar
[24]Pfeffer, C. et al. : An IQ-modulator based heterodyne 77-GHz FMCW colocated MIMO radar system, in Int. Microw. Symp. (IMS), Montreal, Canada, June 2012, 1–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[25]Feger, R. et al. : Low-cost implementation of a millimeter wave imaging system operating in W-band, in Int. Microw. Symp. (IMS), Seattle, WA, US, June 2013, 1–4.Google Scholar
[26]Feger, R. et al. : Integrated mm-wave sensors in a package, in Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. (APMC), Seoul, KR, November 2013, 209211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar