Hostname: page-component-5b777bbd6c-7mr9c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-06-18T09:36:10.162Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A 3-D printed X-band spherical waveguide filter based on the hybrid BSCT and CT topology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 January 2025

Sheng Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Hongliang Qiao*
Affiliation:
School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Jiayu Rao
Affiliation:
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
Xilong Wu
Affiliation:
School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Enhui Zhao
Affiliation:
School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
*
Corresponding author: Hongliang Qiao; Email: ts22060004a31@cumt.edu.cn

Abstract

In this paper, a novel dual-mode spherical resonator is proposed. By rotating the coupling irises, perturbations are generated to split the degenerate modes. The proposed filter is cascaded by a dual-mode resonator and two single-mode resonators, which are placed in a rotary way. Four poles appear in three resonators by only changing the rotation angle (φ) without any additional design. It forms the BSCT, generating a transmission zero (TZ) at the upper stopband. Furthermore, by adjusting φ further, the CT coupling topology can be obtained, resulting in a TZ at the lower stopband. Finally, slots are etched on the surface of the resonators for spurious response suppression. With the above methods, the out-of-band selectivity and suppression are greatly improved. For the fast validation, the filter is 3-D printed and measured. As a result, the measured results match well with the simulated ones.

Type
Research Paper
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The European Microwave Association.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Latif, M, Macchiarella, G and Mukhtar, F (2020) A novel coupling structure for inline realization of cross-coupled rectangular waveguide filters. IEEE Access 8, 107527107538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y, Shang, X, Zhang, F and Xu, J (2022) A 3-D printed Ku-band waveguide filter based on novel rotary coupling structure. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters 33(1), 3538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, F, Gao, S, Li, J, Yu, Y, Guo, C, Li, S and Xu, J (2019) 3-D printed slotted spherical resonator bandpass filters with spurious suppression. IEEE Access 7, 128026128034.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, W and Huff, G (2022) Additive manufactured spherical resonator V‐band elliptical waveguide filter. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 64(2), 265268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, F, Guo, C, Zhang, Y, Gao, Y, Liu, B, Shu, M and Xu, J (2020) A 3-D printed bandpass filter using TM₂₁₁-mode slotted spherical resonators with enhanced spurious suppression. IEEE Access 8, 213215213223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Oliver, E and Tomassoni, C (2022) Stereolithography additive manufacturing of overmoded spherical filters. In 2022 Microwave Mediterranean Symposium (MMS), 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Y, Zhang, G, Hong, J, Sun, Z, Yang, J, Tang, W and Feng, C (2021) 3-D printed dual-band filter based on spherical dual-mode cavity. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 31(9), 10471050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baranowski, M, Balewski, Ł, Lamecki, A and Mrozowski, M (2023) Rectangular waveguide filters based on deformed dual-mode cavity resonators. In 2023 53rd European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 400403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, C, Li, J, Yu, Y, Zhang, F, Li, S, Attallah, M and Lancaster, MJ (2019) Shaping and slotting high-Q spherical resonators for suppression of higher order modes. In 2019 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS), 12051208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, J and Yuan, T (2020) Stopband-performance-enhanced waveguide filters based on slotted hemispherical resonators. In 2020 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS), 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y, Shang, X, Xu, J, Guo, Y, Duan, L and Lu, X (2023) Novel compact waveguide filtering twist for computer numerical control machining. Electronics Letters 59(1), .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomassoni, C, Peverini, OA, Venanzoni, G, Addamo, G, Paonessa, F and Virone, G (2020) 3D printing of microwave and millimeter-wave filters: Additive manufacturing technologies applied in the development of high-performance filters with novel topologies. IEEE Microwave Magazine 21(6), 2445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, C, Shang, X, Li, J, Lancaster, MJ and Xu, J (2016) 3-D printed lightweight microwave waveguide devices. In 2016 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), 4748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, K, Li, D, Chang, K, Zhang, K and Li, D (1998) Electromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mendoza, MM, Martinez, D, Rebenaque, DC and Alvarez-Melcon, A (2015) Enhanced topologies for the design of dual-mode filters using inductive waveguide structures. Radio Science 50(1), 6677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, RJ, Harish, AR and Radcliffe, CJ (2002) Synthesis of advanced microwave filters without diagonal cross-couplings. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques 50(12), 28622872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, JSG, and Lancaster, MJ (2004) Microstrip Filters for RF/microwave Applications. New York, NY, USA: Wiley.Google Scholar