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A compact ultrawide bandpass filter along notch characteristics with rectangular resonator through a machine learning approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2025

Jayant Kumar Rai Open the ORCID record for Jayant Kumar Rai [Opens in a new window] ,
Dilip Kumar Choudhary Open the ORCID record for Dilip Kumar Choudhary [Opens in a new window] ,
Pinku Ranjan Open the ORCID record for Pinku Ranjan [Opens in a new window]  and
Rakesh Chowdhury Open the ORCID record for Rakesh Chowdhury [Opens in a new window]
Jayant Kumar Rai
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ABV- Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, India
Dilip Kumar Choudhary
Affiliation:
School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
Pinku Ranjan*
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ABV- Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, India
Rakesh Chowdhury
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ABV- Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, India
*
Corresponding author: Pinku Ranjan; Email: pinkuranjan@iiitm.ac.in
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Abstract

This article presents an ultrawide bandpass filter structure developed along a notch band using a small rectangular impedance resonator. The proposed filter structure consists of a coupled rectangular resonator (CRR), open stub, and composited split ring resonator (CSRR) at the bottom of the structure. In-band and out-of-band properties are improved by the CRR and open stub. The notch band is obtained by placing CSRR below the rectangular resonator. A filter with a compact size of 0.15 × 0.10 λg is obtained at a lowered cutoff frequency of 3.0 GHz, where λg is the corresponding guided wavelength. The proposed structure has been constructed on 5880 Rogers substrate with a thickness of 0.787 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2. Additionally, equivalent lumped parameters were obtained, and a lumped equivalent circuit was created to explain how the suggested filter operated. The Electromagnetic (EM)-simulated results are in good agreement with the circuit-simulated and measured result. The various machine learning approaches such as artificial neural network, K-nearest neighbour, decision tree, random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting algorithms are applied to optimize the design, in which RF algorithms achieve more than 90% accuracy for predicting the S parameters of the ultrawideband filter.

Keywords

bandpass filtercompactdefected ground structureequivalent circuitmachine learningnotchultrawideband

Information

Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 16 , Issue 8 , October 2024 , pp. 1414 - 1422
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The European Microwave Association.

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