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High-gain TM11 mode equilateral triangular patch antenna with shorting pins and triangular short horn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 May 2024

Ashwani Kumar Open the ORCID record for Ashwani Kumar [Opens in a new window] ,
Shatish K. Gautam ,
Ravi K. Arya ,
Maifuz Ali ,
Praduman P. Singh ,
Anand K. Verma  and
Raj Mittra
Ashwani Kumar*
Affiliation:
Department of Electronic Science, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India School of Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Shatish K. Gautam
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Ravi K. Arya
Affiliation:
Xiangshan Laboratory, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
Maifuz Ali
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics Communication Engineering, IIIT–Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Praduman P. Singh
Affiliation:
Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
Anand K. Verma
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, Macquarie University NSW, Sydney, Australia
Raj Mittra
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
*
Corresponding author: Ashwani Kumar; Email: ashwanikumar7@yahoo.com
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Abstract

Normally, the reported gain of the microstrip patch antenna is within 8 dBi. Using properly located three shorting pins on three bisectors, the present work reports a method to convert the non-radiating TM11 mode of equilateral triangular patch antennas (ETPAs) to a deformed TM11 radiating mode. The boresight gain of ETPA operating in TM11 mode is enhanced from −10.75 to 12.1 dBi at 5.43 GHz. The boresight measured gain is further enhanced to 14.2 dBi at 5.52 GHz by using a triangular surface-mounted short horn (SMSH) of about ${{\lambda }}/5$ height. The aperture efficiency of the ETPA with the shorting pins is 84.2%. The aperture efficiency is further improved to 94.2% using the SMSH. The measured boresight cross-polarization and side-lobe level are −40 and −29 dB, respectively. The nature of the electricfield and surface current distribution is analyzed, using both the characteristic mode analysis method and high-frequency structure simulator, to understand the role of shorting pin and coaxial feed in converting the non-radiating TM11 mode to the radiating mode. A systematic design process also is presented for a fast design of shorting pin-loaded ETPA on the suitable substrate at a specified frequency.

Keywords

Antennacharacteristic mode analysis (CMA)equilateral triangular patch antenna (ETPA)gainshorting pintriangular surface mounted short horn (SMSH)
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , First View , pp. 1 - 15
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The European Microwave Association.

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