Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T01:28:43.260Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Multiband antenna design based on Gosper fractal for implantable biomedical devices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 August 2021

Rajeev Kumar ,
Surinder Singh Open the ORCID record for Surinder Singh [Opens in a new window]  and
Ajay pal Singh Chauhan
Rajeev Kumar
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur 148106, Punjab, India
Surinder Singh*
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur 148106, Punjab, India
Ajay pal Singh Chauhan
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur 148106, Punjab, India
*
Author for correspondence: Surinder Singh, E-mail: surinder_sodhi@rediffmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this paper, a novel multiband implantable planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) antenna based on Gosper curve fractal geometry is designed for biomedical telemetry applications. The antenna has covered four dedicated frequency bands; medical implant communication system band (MICS 402–405 MHz), industrial, scientific, and medical bands (ISM 902–928 MHz and 2.4–2.5 GHz), and wireless medical telemetry services (WMTS 1395–1400 and 1429–1432 MHz). The proposed antenna is designed on Rogers RO 3010 substrate of thickness 25 mil and volume equal to 153.67 mm3. The reflection coefficient and the radiation pattern are measured inside muscle-mimicking liquid tissue phantom. The antenna has achieved the impedance bandwidth of 126, 406, 168, and 175 MHz at MICS (403 MHz), ISM (915 MHz), WMTS (1400 MHz), and ISM (2.45 GHz) with maximum gain value −33.6, −21.04, −15.48, and −10.25 dBi, respectively. The data link range between the implantable antenna and off body antenna has been performed with −16 dBm input power. Additionally, the obtained specific absorption rate with the input of 25 μW power has also been obtained within the safety limit and hence ensures the reliability of the proposed antenna.

Keywords

Biomedical telemetryGosper curve fractalhuman tissue modellink budgetmultiband antenna
Type
Antenna Design, Modelling and Measurements
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 14 , Issue 8 , October 2022 , pp. 970 - 980
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with the European Microwave Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Jain, L, Singh, R, Rawat, S and Ray, K (2018) Stacked arrangement of meandered patches for biomedical applications. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 9, 139–146.Google Scholar
Zhang, K, Liu, C, Yang, X, Liu, X and Guo, H (2017) An ingestible capsule system for in-body core temperature monitoring. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 59, 2670–2675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Astrin, AW, Li, HB and Kohno, R (2009) Standardization for body area networks. IEICE Transactions on Communications E92–B, 366–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Federal Communications Commission: In the Matter of Amendment of Parts 2 and 95 of the Commission's Rules in Federal Register (2009), 1–26.Google Scholar
International Telecommunications Union-Radiocommunications (ITU-R) Radio Regulations (2016). ITU, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Karacolak, T, Hood, AZ and Topsakal, E (2008) Design of a dual-band implantable antenna and development of skin mimicking gels for continuous glucose monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 56, 1001–1008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J and Rahmat-Samii, Y (2006) Planar inverted-F antennas on implantable medical devices: meandered type versus spiral type. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 48, 567–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soontornpipit, P, Furse, CM and Chung, YC (2004) Design of implantable microstrip antenna for communication with medical implants. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 52, 1944–1951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, W and Kishk, AA (2011) Embedded spiral microstrip implantable antenna. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2011, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, W-C, Chen, S-H and Wu, C-M (2008) Implantable broadband circular stacked PIFA antenna for biotelemetry communication. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 22, 1791–1800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiourti, A, Costa, CA, Fernandes, JR, Santiago, G and Nikita, KS (2012) Miniature implantable antennas for biomedical telemetry: from simulation to realization. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 59, 3140–3147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kumar, R, Solanki, LS and Singh, S (2019) Miniature Archimedean spiral PIFA antennas for biomedical implantable devices. 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 162–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hout, S and Chung, J-Y (2019) Design and characterization of a miniaturized implantable antenna in a seven-layer brain phantom. IEEE Access 7, 162062–162069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoo, H and Cho, Y (2016) Miniaturised dual-band implantable antenna for wireless biotelemetry. Electronics Letters 52, 1005–1007.Google Scholar
Gani, I and Yoo, H (2016) Multi-band antenna system for skin implant. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 26, 294–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faisal, F, Zada, M, Ejaz, A, Amin, Y, Ullah, S and Yoo, H (2020) A miniaturized dual-band implantable antenna system for medical applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 68, 1161–1165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luo, L, Hu, B, Wu, J, Yan, T and Xu, L (2019) Compact dual-band antenna with slotted ground for implantable applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 61, 1314–1319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, Y, Liu, H, Liu, X, Cao, Y, Li, Z and Tentzeris, MM (2020) Novel coated differentially fed dual-band fractal antenna for implantable medical devices. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 14, 199–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shah, SAA and Yoo, H (2018) Scalp-implantable antenna systems for intracranial pressure monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, 2170–2173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zada, M and Yoo, H (2018) A miniaturized triple-band implantable antenna system for bio-telemetry applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, 7378–7382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ding, S, Koulouridis, S and Pichon, L (2020) Design and characterization of a dual-band miniaturized circular antenna for deep in body biomedical wireless applications. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, 461–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balanis, CA (2005) Antenna Theory – Analysis and Design, 3rd Edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons INC.Google Scholar
Bahl, IJ and Stuchly, SS (1980) Analysis of a microstrip covered with a lossy dielectric. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 28, 104–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ventrella, J (2012) Root 7 Families, Brainfilling Curves-A Fractal Bestiary. San Francisco: Eyebrain Books, 95–100.Google Scholar
Chen, CC and Wang, SB (2016) Node-Gosper curve-based unknown sensor localization using single mobile anchor in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 12, 5780101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Usluer, M, Cetindere, B and Basaran, SC (2020) Compact implantable antenna design for MICS and ISM band biotelemetry applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 62, 1581–1587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabriel, S, Lau, RW and Gabriel, C (1996) The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Physics in Medicine and Biology 41, 2251–2269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gabriel, S, Lau, RW and Gabriel, C (1996) The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues. Physics in Medicine and Biology 41, 2271–2293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karacolak, T, Cooper, R, Unlu, ES and Topsakal, E (2012) Dielectric properties of porcine skin tissue and in vivo testing of implantable antennas using pigs as model animals. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 11, 1686–1689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, R, Solanki, LS and Singh, S (2019) SAR analysis of antenna implanted inside homogeneous human tissue phantom, 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 755–759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IEEE (2005) IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, IEEE Standard C95.1.Google Scholar
Orfanidis, SJ (2016) Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas. New Jersey: Rutgers University, pp. 598–633.Google Scholar
Ma, S, Bjorninen, T, Sydanheimo, L, Voutilainen, MH and Ukkonen, L (2021) Double split rings as extremely small and tuneable antennas for brain implantable wireless medical microsystems. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 69, 760–768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palandoken, M (2017) Compact bioimplantable MICS and ISM band antenna design for wireless biotelemetry applications. Radioengineering 26, 917–923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeap, K, Voon, C, Hiraguri, T and Nisar, H (2019) A compact dual-band implantable antenna for medical telemetry. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 61, 2105–2109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar