Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-5g6vh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T21:55:06.351Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Theoretical and experimental development of a high-conversion-efficiency rectifier at X-band

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2016

Feifei Tan
Affiliation:
School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China. Phone: +86-28-85463882
Changjun Liu*
Affiliation:
School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China. Phone: +86-28-85463882
*
Corresponding author: C. Liu Email: cjliu@ieee.org

Abstract

Voltage doubler rectifiers are usually applied to systems with high voltage and low current requirement. An X band voltage doubler rectifier has been developed with 72% conversion efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, the obtained rectifying efficiency is the maximum reported to date at X band with Schottky diodes. The working characteristics of the diodes in the voltage doubler rectifier are analyzed in detail. Closed-form equations of diode input impedance and rectifying efficiency are presented and validated using Advanced Design System simulations. The matching network design of the proposed rectifier is based on the closed-form equations. The preliminary rectifying efficiency is predicted by the closed-form equations as well. Measured and simulated results are in good agreement.

Type
Research Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Brown, W.C.: Chapter 2.2.4, Electronic and Mechanical Improvement of the Receiving Terminal of a Free-space Microwave Power Transmission System, NASA Sti/recon Technical Report N, 40, 1977.Google Scholar
[2] Matsunaga, T.; Nishiyama, E.; Toyoda, I.: 5.8 GHz stacked differential rectenna suitable for large-scale rectenna arrays with DC connection. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 63 (2015), 59445949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[3] Chou, J.-H.; Lin, D.-B.; Weng, K.-L.; Li, H.-J.: All polarization receiving rectenna with harmonic rejection property for wireless power transmission. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 62 (2014), 52425249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4] Lorenz, C.H.P. et al. : Breaking the efficiency barrier for ambient microwave power harvesting with heterojunction backward tunnel diodes. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 63 (2015), 45444555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[5] Liu, C.; Guo, Y.-X.; Sun, H.; Xiao, S.: Design and safety considerations of an implantable rectenna for far-field wireless power transfer. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 62 (2014), 57985806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[6] Jiang, W.; Liu, C.; Yu, C.; Tan, F.: A novel dual-frequency microwave rectifier at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz with harmonic recycling. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl., 27 (2013), 707715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[7] Lu, P.; Yang, X.-S.; Li, J.-L.; Wang, B.-Z.: A compact frequency reconfigurable rectenna for 5.2- and 5.8-GHz wireless power transmission. IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 30 (2015), 60066010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[8] Ren, Y.-J.; Farooqui, M.F.; Chang, K.: A compact dual-frequency rectifying antenna with high-orders harmonic rejection. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 55 (2007), 21102113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[9] Kuhn, V.; Lahuec, C.; Seguin, F.; Person, C.: A multi-band stacked RFenergy harvester with RF-to-DC efficiency up to 84%. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 63 (2015), 17681778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[10] Song, C.; Huang, Y.; Zhou, J.; Zhang, J.; Yuan, S.; Carter, P.: A high-efficiency broadband rectenna for ambient wireless energy harvesting. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 63 (2015), 34863495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[11] Ladan, S.; Hemour, S.; W u, K.: Towards millimeter-wave high-efficiency rectification for wireless energy harvesting, in IEEE Int. Wireless Symp. (IWS), Beijing, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[12] Khonsari, Z.; Björninen, T.; Tentzeris, M.M.; Sydanheimo, L.; Ukkonen, L.: 2.4 GHz inkjet-printed RF energy harvester on bulk cardboard substrate, in Radio and Wireless Symp. (RWS), San Diego, CA, 2015.Google Scholar
[13] Olgun, U.; Chen, C.-C.; Volakis, J.L.: Investigation of rectenna array configurations for enhanced RF power harvesting. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 10 (2011), 262265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[14] Heikkinen, J.; Kivikoski, M.: A novel dual-frequency circularly polarized rectenna. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2 (2003), 330333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[15] Zhang, B.; Zhao, X.; Yu, C.; Huang, K.; Liu, C.: A power enhanced high efficiency 2.45 GHz rectifier based on diode array. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl., 25 (2011), 765774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[16] Ren, Y.-J.; Chang, K.: 5.8-GHz circularly polarized dual-diode rectenna and rectenna array for microwave power transmission. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 54 (2006), 14951502.Google Scholar
[17] Yu, C.; Tan, F.; Liu, C.: A C-band microwave rectenna using aperture-coupled antenna array and novel Class-F rectifier with cavity. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl., 29 (2015), 977991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[18] Shin, J.; Seo, M.; Choi, J.; So, J.; Cheon, C.: A compact and wideband circularly polarized rectenna with high efficiency at X-band. Prog. Electromagn. Res., 145 (2014), 163173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[19] Chiou, H.-K.; Chen, I.-S.: High-efficiency dual-band on-chip rectenna for 35- and 94-GHz wireless power transmission in 0.13-m CMOS technology. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 58 (2010), 35983606.Google Scholar
[20] Li, Z.; Wen, G.: Time-domain analysis of Ka-band rectenna. J. Microw., 2 (1998), 134141.Google Scholar
[21] Douyère, A.; Luk, J.-D.L.S.; Alicalapa, F.: High efficiency microwave rectenna circuit: modelling and design. Electron. Lett., 44 (2008), 14091410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[22] McSpadden, J.O.; Fan, L.; Chang, K.: Design and experiments of a high-conversion-efficiency 5.8-GHz rectenna. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 46 (1998), 20532060.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[23] Kim, Y.; Yoon, Y.J.; Shin, J.; So, J.: X-band printed rectenna design and experiment for wireless power transfer, in 2014 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conf. (WPTC), Jeju, South Korea, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[24] Litchfield, M.; Schafer, S.; Reveyrand, T.; Popovic, Z.: High-efficiency X-band MMIC GaN power amplifiers operating as rectifiers, in 2014 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp., Tampa, FL, 2014.Google Scholar
[25] Yoo, T.-W., Changk, K.: Theoretical and experimental development of 10 and 35 GHz rectennas. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 40 (1992), 12591266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[26] Schafer, S.; Coffey, M.; Popovic, Z.: X-band wireless power transfer with two-stage high-efficiency GaN PA/rectifier, in 2015 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conf., Boulder, CO, 2015.Google Scholar
[27] Ladan, S.; Guntupalli, A.B.; Wu, K.: A high efficiency 24 GHz rectenna development towards millimeter-wave energy harvesting and wireless power transmission. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regular Papers, 61 (2014), 33583366.Google Scholar
[28] Monti, G.; Tarricone, L.; Spartano, M.: X-band planar rectenna. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 10 (2011), 11161119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[29] Senadeera, P.M. et al. : X-band energy harvester with miniaturized on-chip slot antenna implemented in 0.18- um RF CMOS, in 2012 IEEE Int. Conf. on Ultra-Wideband, Syracuse, NY, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[30] Valenta, C.R.; Morys, M.M.; Durgin, G.D.: Theoretical energy-conversion efficiency for energy-harvesting circuits under power-optimized waveform excitation. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 63 (2015), 17581767.Google Scholar
[31] Xu, J.; Ricketts, D.S.: An efficient, watt-level microwave rectifier using an impedance compression network (ICN) with applications in outphasing energy recovery systems. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., 23 (2013), 542544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar