Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-dk7s8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-29T03:27:43.364Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Studying Issue (Non)-Adoption in Transnational Advocacy Networks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2007

R. Charli Carpenter
R. Charli Carpenter
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh's Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, charli.carpenter@gmail.com
Get access

Abstract

Why do some issues but not others galvanize transnational advocacy networks? To gain insight into this question, I studied how advocates in the human rights sector think and talk about an issue that has received little advocacy attention to date: stigma against children born of wartime rape. Focus groups with humanitarian practitioners were coded and analyzed for evidence of a variety of explanations for issue adoption drawn from the literature on advocacy networks. The analysis suggests that the conditions for issue adoption are constituted by dynamics across, rather than primarily within, issue networks.This project was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. SES 0432488 and by a Hewlett Research Grant from University of Pittsburgh's University Center for International Studies. I am deeply indebted to Stuart Shulman and University of Pittsburgh's Qualitative Data Analysis Program for assistance with Atlas.ti software, and to Laurel Person, Abbie Zahler, Betcy Jose-Thota, Vanja Lundell, Rachel Helwig, and Justin Reed for assistance in coding and data analysis. Vera Achvarina, Lisa Alfredson, David Bearce, Clifford Bob, Daniel Chong, Jack Donnelly, Michael Goodhart, John Mendeloff, Joel Oestreich, Simon Reich, Stephen Rothman, Ben Rubin, Nita Rudra, Laura Sjoberg, Dan Thomas, and participants in Yale University's Genocide Studies Seminar Series provided helpful feedback on earlier drafts. I am solely responsible for any remaining errors.

Information

Type
RESEARCH NOTE
Information
International Organization , Volume 61 , Issue 3 , July 2007 , pp. 643 - 667
Copyright
© 2007 The IO Foundation

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Achvarina, Vera, and Simon F. Reich. 2006. No Place to Hide: Refugees, Displaced Persons, and the Recruitment of Child Soldiers. International Security 31 (1):127–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adamic, Lada A., and Eytan Adar. 2001. You Are What You Link. Paper presented at the 10th Annual International World Wide Web Conference, May, Hong Kong.
Bae, S., and Junho Choi. 2000. Cyberlinks Between Human Rights NGOs: A Network Analysis. Paper presented at the 58th Annual National Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, April, Chicago.
Barabási, Albert-Lázsló. 2002. Linked: The New Science of Networks. New York: Plume.
Barnett, Michael, and Martha Finnemore. 2004. Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones. 1993. Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Becirbasic, Belma, and Dzenana Secic. 2002. Invisible Casualties of War. London Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Available at 〈http://iwpr.net/?p=bcr&s=f&o=155517&apc_state=henibcr2002〉. Accessed 12 December 2006.
Best, Joel. 1995. Typification and Social Problems Construction. In Images of Issues: Typifying Contemporary Social Problems, edited by Joel Best, 1–16. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Blumer, Herbert. 1971. Social Problems as Collective Behavior. Social Problems 18 (3):293–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bob, Clifford. 2005. The Marketing of Rebellion: Insurgents, the Media and International Activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Burgerman, Susan. 2001. Moral Victories: How Activists Provoke Multilateral Action. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Carpenter, R. Charli. 2005. “Women, Children and Other Vulnerable Groups”: Gender, Strategic Frames and the Protection of Civilians as a Transnational Issue. International Studies Quarterly 49 (2):295–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, R. Charli. 2007. Setting the Advocacy Agenda: Theorizing Issue Emergence and Non-Emergence in Transnational Advocacy Networks. International Studies Quarterly 51 (1):99–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, R. Charli, Kai Grieg, Donna Sharkey, and Robyn Wheeler. 2005. Protecting Children Born of Sexual Violence and Exploitation in Conflict Zones: Existing Practice and Knowledge Gaps. Pittsburgh, Pa.: GSPIA/Ford Institute of Human Security, University of Pittsburgh
Cooley, Alexander, and James Ron. 2002. The NGO Scramble: Organizational Insecurity and the Political Economy of Transnational Action. International Security 27 (1):5–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dale, Stephen. 1996. McLuhan's Children: The Greenpeace Message and the Media. Toronto: Between the Lines.
Enloe, Cynthia. 2000. Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Finnemore, Martha. 1996. National Interests in International Society. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Finnemore, Martha, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. International Norm Dynamics and Political Change. International Organization 52 (4):887–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Florini, Ann M., ed. 2000. The Third Force: The Rise of Transnational Civil Society. Washington, D.C.: Japan Center for International Change and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Grieg, Kai. 2001. The War Children of the World. Bergen, Norway: War and Children Identity Project.
Heclo, Hugh. 1978. Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment. In The New American Political System, edited by Anthony King, 87–124. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.
Henzinger, Monika R. 2001. Hyperlink Analysis for the Web. IEEE Internet Computing 5 (1):45–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchings, Vincent. 2001. Political Context, Issue Salience and Selective Attentiveness: Constituent Knowledge of the Clarence Thomas Confirmation Vote. Journal of Politics 63 (3):846–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joachim, Jutta. 2003. Framing Issues and Seizing Opportunities: the UN, NGOs and Women's Rights. International Studies Quarterly 47 (2):247–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Khagram, Sanjeev, James V. Riker, and Kathryn Sikkink, eds. 2002. Restructuring World Politics: Transnational Social Movements, Networks and Norms. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Kingdon, John W. 1995. Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policy. 2d ed. New York: Longman.
Lake, David A., and Wendy Wong. 2005. The Politics of Networks: Interests, Power and Human Rights Norms. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, San Diego.
Lewis, George H., and Jonathan F. Lewis. 1980. The Dog in the Night-Time: Negative Evidence in Social Research. British Journal of Sociology 31 (4):544–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahoney, James, and Gary Goertz. 2004. The Possibility Principle: Choosing Negative Cases in Comparative Research. American Political Science Review 98 (4):653–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, David S., and Nancy Whittier. 1994. Social Movement Spillover. Social Problems 41 (2):277–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mische, Ann. 2003. Cross-Talk in Movements: Reconceiving the Culture Network Link. In Social Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action, edited by Mario Diani and Doug McAdam, 258–80. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nadelmann, Ethan A. 1990. Global Prohibition Regimes: The Evolution of Norms in International Society. International Organization 44 (4):479–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, Han Woo, and Mike Thelwall. 2003. Hyperlink Analyses of the World Wide Web: A Review. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 8 (4): N.p. 〈http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol8/issue4〉Google Scholar
Price, Richard. 1998. Reversing the Gun Sights: Transnational Civil Society Targets Land Mines. International Organization 52 (3):613–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, Richard. 2003. Transnational Civil Society and Advocacy in World Politics. World Politics 55 (4):579–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, Richard, and Nina Tannenwald. 1996. Norms and Deterrence: The Nuclear and Chemical Weapons Taboos. In The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, edited by Peter J. Katzenstein, 114–52. New York: Columbia University Press.
Ramos, Howard. 2005. Setting the Human Security Agenda: News Media Coverage of International Human Rights. Working paper, Canadian Consortium on Human Security, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Rehn, Elisabeth, and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. 2002. Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts' Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women's Role in Peace-building. New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women.
Risse, Thomas, Stephen C. Ropp, and Kathryn Sikkink, eds. 1999. The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rogers, Richard. 2002. Operating Issue Networks on the Web. Science as Culture 11 (2):191–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ron, James, Howard Ramos, and Kathleen Rodgers. 2005. Transnational Information Politics: NGO Human Rights Reporting, 1986–2000. International Studies Quarterly 49 (3):557–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spector, Malcolm, and John I. Kitsuse. 1977. Constructing Social Problems. Menlo Park, Calif.: Cummings.
Strauss, Anselm, and Juliet Corbin. 1994. Grounded Theory Methodology: An Overview. In Handbook of Qualitative Research, edited by Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln, 273–285. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.
Thomas, Daniel C. 2002. Boomerangs and Superpower: International Norms, Transnational Networks and US Foreign Policy. Cambridge Review of International Affairs 15 (1):25–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
True, Jacqui, and Michael Minstrom. 2001. Transnational Networks and Policy Diffusion: The Case of Gender Mainstreaming. International Studies Quarterly 45 (1):27–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Rijsbergen, C. J. 1979. Information Retrieval. 2d ed. London: Butterworths.
Wasserman, Stanley, and Katherine Faust. 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wertsch, Mary Edwards. 1991. Military Brats: The Legacy of Childhood Inside the Fortress. New York: Harmony Books.