Objectives/Goals: Micro-credentials (MCs) or digital badges are short programs designed to allow learners to gain knowledge and skills at their own pace to tailor their professional development. This study aims to examine the characteristics of learners completing MCs and explore their motivation for pursuing MCs through the University at Buffalo Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) program. Methods/Study Population: Currently, the CTSI offers five MCs in Effective Teaching, Good Clinical Practice, Responsible Research, Scientific Communication, and Translational Teamwork. Individuals who completed an MC (2019–2024) were identified by the UB Office of Micro-credentials. An invitation email and two reminders were sent to all individuals who received MCs asking them to complete a short online survey in July-August 2024. The survey included three questions about the type(s) of MCs completed, learners’ motivation for pursuing MCs, and perceived or actual benefits of completing an MC. The questions included multiple choice, select all that apply, and open-ended format, respectively. The survey was sent using Google Forms; data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. We received 25 completed surveys (29% response rate). Results/Anticipated Results: Since 2019, 85 individuals completed MCs at Buffalo CTSI including 21 faculty, 18 trainees, 26 students, and 20 staff. The most popular MC, Responsible Research (65% of completers), is based on the Responsible Conduct of Research series, which consists of modules on authorship ethics, ethical use of animals (IACUC) and human subjects (IRB), conflicts of interest/commitment, and responsible data acquisition and management. We found that 33% of responders were motivated to obtain the MC to advance their career and for professional development, 30% for lifelong learning, and 23% intended to use the badges to showcase their proficiency to potential employers. The greatest benefits reported were to obtain knowledge/skills for their professional career (46%) and improve their ability to receive research funding (14%). Discussion/Significance of Impact: Micro-credentials are valuable learning tools to stay current on changing research requirements, with ability to engage asynchronously. Badges also provide unique professional development opportunities for students and research workforce (staff and community stakeholders) who have limited resources (time and money).

Objectives/Goals: Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a devastating disease of infancy that results in brain-related pathologies. Following rupture of vasculature in the brain, red blood cell (RBC) lysis, and hemoglobin breakdown results in heme/iron-related toxicities. We hypothesize that these cellular pathologies are mediated in part by the complement system. Methods/Study Population: Post-natal mice on day 4 (P4) were subjected to collagenase induced-GMH and treated with various complement inhibitors that function at different points in the complement pathway and differentially prevent the generation of specific complement activation products. The principle bioactive complement activation products are C3 opsonins (C3b, iC3b, and C3d), the proinflammatory anaphylatoxins (soluble C3a and C5a peptides), and the terminal cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC). Experimental groups consisted of: Wild-type (WT) naïve mice, and WT GMH-mice treated with either PBS (vehicle), CR2-Crry (C3 inhibitor that blocks all activation products), anti-C5 mAb (blocks C5a and MAC), C5aRA (blocks C5a-C5a receptor interaction), or anti-C7 mAb (blocks MAC). Study endpoints were P7 or P14. Results/Anticipated Results: Following GMH, CR2-Crry treatment decreased MAC deposition on RBC and additionally decreased heme oxygenase-1 expression, heme deposition, and iron-induced inflammation measured at P7. In support of a specific role for the MAC, anti-C7 mAb treatment resulted in similar outcomes and was similarly protective. Anti-C7 mAb treatment also reduced hydrocephalus development at a later time point (P14). A similar result was obtained using C7 deficient mice and with anti-C5 mAb treatment. On the other hand, no protective effect was seen with C5aR blockade, and double knock out of C3aR/C5aR also did not provide protection, indicating no role for the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a and their receptors expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells in exacerbating deteriorating outcomes. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Our data indicate a key role for the MAC in RBC induced hemolysis after GMH which serves as a driver of inflammation and early GMH pathogenesis. We further show that we can effectively increase precision by targeting solely the MAC complex acutely. Future work will be undertaken to determine temporal roles of individual complement activation products.

Objectives/Goals: Citizen Science (CS) recognizes the vital role that community members play in research, centering their unique lived experiences and perspectives across the research cycle. We aim to enhance community-engaged research (CEnR) by adapting a CS Program at the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS). Methods/Study Population: The CS Program, launched in response to COVID-19, was designed/piloted for Chicago community members interested in research careers, developing evidence-based practice skills, and/or partnering with academic, community, and/or public health organizations. To inform program adaptation, we are conducting a landscape assessment, including 1) inventory/annotation of existing curricular materials, 2) review of peer-reviewed literature, 3) website extraction of existing CS programs’ key components, and 4) interviewing key informants. An Advisory Board of prior CS instructors/alumni will guide curriculum adaptation, coordination, and fidelity. We will also identify strategic internal/external UIC organizational partnerships to collaborate on establishing, developing, and conducting the program. Results/Anticipated Results: Literature describes common CS program typology as a continuum, from research done “with the people” to research conducted “by the people” (King et al, 2016). Our program will equip CS to engage across these conceptual continuums. We plan to launch the UIC CCTS CS Program by Fall 2025 and have 10 online modules with a disability justice lens. Topics will range from Critical Thinking and the Research Process to Structural Violence and Evaluation Frameworks. Grounded in liberatory pedagogy, sessions will be taught by UIC faculty, staff, and community partners, each containing a lecture, interactive activities, and assessments. Participants will earn a certificate applicable to related jobs (e.g., academic/community research), supplement community health worker training, precursor to health degrees, and more. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Through the CS Program, we aim to center community expertise and lived experience within research, foster bi-directional collaborations and relationships, and build community capacity. We are evaluating this project adaptation and implementation to create a blueprint for institutions to enhance their community-engaged research.

Objectives/Goals: The importance of interprofessional communication in healthcare is well documented. However, there has yet to be a theoretical framework for understanding this complex phenomenon. The purpose of this project was to develop a situation-specific theory about the culture of communication in the interprofessional healthcare setting. Methods/Study Population: We conducted individual virtual qualitative interviews with 16 healthcare professionals at different levels and from various disciplines. Participants were practicing clinicians at a tertiary care academic medical center. We transcribed audio-recordings of the interviews verbatim and aligned each transcript for accuracy, confidentiality, and representativeness. Data analysis was conducted using dimensional analysis, including open- and theoretical-coding utilizing an explanatory matrix for theory generation. Results/Anticipated Results: Our findings produced a situation-specific theory on the culture of interprofessional communication in the healthcare setting. Participants described the environments in which they practiced in terms of hierarchical system structures and through a conceptual perspective of resource investment. In other words, they viewed their time and their effort as valuable – and notably, scarce – resources, which they invest in patient care, interprofessional communication, and other tasks. There are two key pathways that characterize the culture of interprofessional communication: collaborative communication and transactional interactions, depending on whether an individual perceives the goals of another person, department, or level of the hierarchical institution as aligned with their own goals. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Positive cultures of interprofessional communication in the healthcare setting depend on perceived goal alignment among individuals, departments, and leadership. Future research can explore how perceptions of goal alignment are developed and empirically test this situation-specific theory in other healthcare system settings.

Objectives/Goals: The clinical research professional (CRP) workforce suffers from high turnover. Stay interviews have led to increased satisfaction and reduced turnover in other industries. We describe a multi-institutional project to develop, disseminate, and evaluate a CRP-tailored Stay Interview tool reimagined as the Individual Retention Conversation (IRC) toolkit. Methods/Study Population: In August 2022, following on the heels of a series of un-meeting conversations focused on CRP workforce development, the CRP taskforce initiated a working group to tackle issues related to CRP workforce retention. As a first initiative, this multi-institutional working group set out to develop, disseminate, and evaluate a Stay Interview tool tailored for a CRP audience and reimagined as the IRC toolkit. A 2-phase pilot study was initiated across six academic medical centers (AMCs: ASU, Duke, MUSC, UAB, UPenn, VCU) to: 1) optimize the toolkit for the CRP audience and 2) evaluate the impact of the toolkit using a standardized CRP satisfaction survey. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected via surveys using the REDCap platform. Results/Anticipated Results: The optimization phase of the pilot included 69 participants (16 managers and 53 of their CRP team members) from 6 AMCs. Respondents identified most and least useful questions for stimulating meaningful conversations regarding job satisfaction and retention issues with additional feedback on the IRC experience and tools. CRPs and managers represented a variety of roles, with 77% patient facing. The majority were satisfied with the IRC experience (82%) and found the experience personally beneficial (76%). Managers were satisfied with the manager’s guide (90%). Quantitative and qualitative feedback was used to optimize the toolkit prior to launch of phase 2 in September 2024, which includes a longitudinal survey-based assessment of CRP job satisfaction and IRC-consequent work environment changes. Discussion/Significance of Impact: CRP retention is impacted by complex factors, many related to job satisfaction, supervisor /employee relationships, and beneficial work environments. Initial evaluation of the IRC suggests that this intervention fosters positive supervisor/employee relationships and beneficial work environment changes, which may lead to improved retention.

Objectives/Goals: This study aimed to enhance clinical trial data management through large language model information retrieval and generation techniques within the clinical trial reporting workflow. We focused on improving compliance with reporting, reducing human labor, and promoting standardized reporting structure and data quality oversight. Methods/Study Population: We used approved study protocols from UC Davis IRB-approved investigator-initiated studies compared to the same studies reported to ClinicalTrials.gov. Our baseline data extraction system employs commercial large language models (LLMs) and retrieval augmented generation (RAG) to isolate data sources within the secure extraction environment. We stratified protocol documents into easy, complex, and random categories based on study focus, document complexity, the extent of amendments or modifications, and completion metrics from ClinicalTrials.gov. We developed a pilot web-based architecture to capture variations in categorization, labeling, and reporting style and compared generated extraction data. We primarily focused on qualitative evaluation through a review of expert staff. Results/Anticipated Results: Our results revealed significant variations in reporting quality, with dependencies stemming from multiple authors and stages throughout the clinical trial protocol lifecycle. Based on these variations, we used prompt engineering to improve the pilot application’s output compliance with the protocol registration and results system (PRS) structured data format for various study types. We piloted the assisted workflow with prospective studies by partnering with study investigators and the clinical trial office staff to assist in review and clinical trial reporting creation. Initial studies reported by our system were approved and released to the public by PRS staff. We are refining content generation and workflows to different components of studies and evaluating their use in quality and training areas. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Our system fosters collaboration, efficient review, and compliance with clinical trial reporting standards. It supports the promise of AI-driven assistance in clinical trial management, design, and reporting. We focus on the multiple stakeholders, expertise, and data flows in the organizational management of clinical and translational science.

Objectives/Goals: Increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is linked to declines in ovarian and metabolic function in older women. Obesity is both a manifestation and a driver of aging pathologies. In animal models, FSH and insulin resistance (IR) were reduced after 6 mos. of a nutritional therapeutic (GLYLO). Our goal was to translate preclinical evidence to humans. Methods/Study Population: An integrated, precision medicine approach identified a unique phenotype of aging-related debility relative to older females. A non-comparer pilot study was conducted to translate GLYLO preclinical findings to postmenopausal women with obesity (n = 85; >55 years; body mass index [BMI]  = 35.0±4.35; range: 30.3–42.8). Participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria (n = 13) were enrolled and received two capsules of GLYLO (vitamins and natural products) daily for 6 mos. Assessments for FSH, estradiol (E2), IR (homeostatic model [HOMA-IR]), total cholesterol (TC), low- (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), safety biomarkers (e.g., red cell distribution width [RDW%], mean corpuscular volume [MCV]), and depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were conducted prior to and after 6 mos. Results/Anticipated Results: Mixed-effect models with intent-to-treat analysis were applied to compare outcomes prior to (n = 13) and following (n = 7) the intervention. Significant reductions in FSH were observed (-13.1 [2.47] ∆/SD; p = 0.002)) following the 6-month intervention. Interestingly, BMI, E2 (p = 0.412), HOMA-IR (p = 0.885), TC (p = 0.363), and LDL (p = 0.145) were unchanged, while HDL decreased significantly (-9.7 [3.82] ∆/SD; p = 0.044). Other biomarkers, RDW% (-0.2 [0.05] ∆/SD; p = 0.009) and MCV (-2.3 [0.33] ∆/SD; p = 0004), were significantly reduced. All other safety parameters were not altered. Six participants reported mild to moderate adverse events (acid indigestion) and were lost to follow-up. Depression scores significantly increased (+4.0 [0.75] ∆/SD; p = 0.002)). Results were similar with and without intent to treat analysis. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Decreased FSH, but not IR, was observed following six months of GLYLO in postmenopausal women with obesity. Significant alterations in HDL, depression, RDW%, and MCV warrant further investigation. Findings are limited by the small sample size and loss to follow-up. Randomized, controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.

Objectives/Goals: The growing burden of hypertension in the USA disproportionately impacts individuals with lower socioeconomic status and those in rural communities. This study aims to investigate specific social determinants of health associated with uncontrolled hypertension among rural, underserved patients residing in Alabama. Methods/Study Population: A retrospective review of electronic health records data from the UAB Selma Family Medicine clinic was conducted. The deidentified data were entered into the Population Health Assessment Engine (PHATE) to render social characteristics and community vital sign (CVS) scores, a social deprivation index, by census tracts. We provide descriptive statistics and compare the stated factors between patients with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension using logistic regression models. We are conducting phone surveys to gather individualized data on social determinants of health to assess the perceived social needs of patients with hypertension. The Protocol for Responding to & Assessing Patients’ Assets, Risks & Experience tool was used to develop the survey, and survey responses will be compared with the PHATE results. Results/Anticipated Results: Among 2129 patients, 375 (17.6%) had uncontrolled hypertension with a mean age of 58.7 ± 14.4 years. Women comprised 66.7% (250) and 65.1% (1142) of the uncontrolled and controlled hypertension populations, respectively. The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 19.1% among Black patients and 8.2% in White patients. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension had a CVS of 82.37 ± 7.31 and 81.81 ± 8.40 patients with controlled hypertension. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension lived in areas where an average of 46 ± 11% were not employed, 36 ± 9% rented, and 28 ± 1% lived below the federal poverty line (FPL). Adjusting for age, race, and sex, a unit increase in the proportion of people below the FPL was associated with 43% higher odds of uncontrolled versus controlled hypertension (OR  =  1.43, 95% CI 0.44, 4.64). Discussion/Significance of Impact: Rural, underserved patients with hypertension experience multiple adverse social determinants, such as nonemployment rates, low income, and rental housing. Survey results will allow us to compare assessed and individualized social determinants that may be important to address when caring for this population.

Objectives/Goals: Digital recruitment can improve participant engagement in medical research, but its potential to introduce demographic and socioeconomic biases is unclear. This study investigates pathways participants took during a digital recruitment workflow in neurology, examining potential associations with socioeconomic and demographic factors. Methods/Study Population: As part of an ongoing study aiming to remotely capture speech from patients with neurologic disease, most participants seen in neurology on our campus are invited to complete a self-administered speech examination. We exported participant data from Epic (semi-automated identification and invitation), Qualtrics (eligibility screening), the participant tracking database (consent), and the recording platform (completion) for March to July 2024. Data visualization was performed using a Sankey diagram. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the housing-based socioeconomic status (HOUSES) index and area deprivation index (ADI) national rank. Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare the median age, socioeconomic indices, and time taken to reach different steps of the study. Results/Anticipated Results: Of the 5846 invited participants, 57% were from urban areas, 23% from rural areas, and 20% from urban clusters. Most did not read/respond (2739) or declined (1749) the initial invitation via Epic. Of the 1358 interested participants, 415 completed the study. Participants from urban areas completed enrollment steps faster than those from rural areas and urban clusters, though the variance was large (42.6 ± 41.4 days vs. 50.6 ± 42.2 days and 50 ± 43.9 days, respectively; p  =  0.030). Female participants took longer to complete enrollment than males (48.7 ± 44 days vs. 40.5 ± 38.8 days; p  =  0.026). Participants who successfully finished the study had significantly lower ADI national ranks compared to other common pathways (40.6 ± 19; p  =  0.0021). No associations were found with the HOUSES indices. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Our findings support differences in participant engagement, with urban participants and males more likely to complete enrollment steps. Those who finished the study were less disadvantaged suggesting potential bias in digital recruitment. These findings can inform strategies to improve digital recruitment in neurology research.

Objectives/Goals: As life expectancy increases in people with HIV, neurocognitive impairment is becoming more common, and women with HIV (WWH) are disproportionately impacted. This work investigated mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in WWH in order to understand the relationship between mitochondrial function and cognition in future studies. Methods/Study Population: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from virally suppressed WWH (n = 64) and underwent the Seahorse Cell Mito Stress test to assess different realms of mitochondrial function. Cells were then lysed for direct DNA extraction, and quantitative PCR was performed to understand mitochondrial DNA expression (mtDNA) levels as a measure of oxidative stress. A series of simple linear regressions was then conducted to understand the relationships between mitochondrial function and mtDNA content. Future work will expand this analysis to investigate associations between demographic dynamics, such as trauma history, and mitochondrial function, as well as to understand the relationships between mitochondrial function and cognitive outcomes in WWH. Results/Anticipated Results: In our cross-sectional analysis of mitochondrial dynamics in WWH, we found a significant association between maximum mitochondrial respiration ability and mtDNA content, with greater mtDNA expression associated with increased levels of maximum respiration following stimulation. There was no association between basal respiration and levels of oxidative stress. There was also a significant variation in mitochondrial function in our participants, indicating that future analyses to investigate the source of that variation are warranted. The work presented here sheds light on mitochondrial dynamics in WWH and will be the basis for future studies that will investigate how demographic dynamics may be associated with mitochondrial function, as well as how mitochondrial dynamics may predict cognitive outcomes. Discussion/Significance of Impact: There is significant variation in mitochondrial function in WWH. More analysis is needed to understand what may be associated with these variations, including an investigation of both clinical factors as well as cognitive outcomes. This analysis will inform directions for future mechanistic work aimed at mitigating adverse cognitive outcomes in WWH.

Objectives/Goals: Sexual minority populations report a disproportionately high prevalence of alcohol use, often attributed to coping with bi/homonegativity and systemic inequities across various social domains. This study aims to explore alcohol use patterns and associated neighborhood and individual factors among sexual minority populations (SMPs) using data from the NIH All of US dataset. Methods/Study Population: Alcohol use was assessed using the AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption) scale across a sample of 9,454 gay, 15,284 bisexual, 5,267 lesbian, and 349,748 straight participants. The AUDIT-C measured hazardous alcohol use, and logistic regression models were employed to examine its association with neighborhood-level factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, alcohol outlet density) and individual-level factors (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, income, and education) among SMPs. Interaction terms assessed how these relationships varied by sexual orientation. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings, including stratified analyses by gender identity and the exclusion of extreme outliers in alcohol use reporting. Results/Anticipated Results: Our analyses revealed that gay participants had the highest AUDIT-C scores (mean  =  3.60, SD  =  2.27), followed by bisexual (mean  =  3.35, SD  =  2.21), other SMPs (mean  =  3.18, SD  =  2.19), lesbian (mean  =  3.04, SD  =  2.08), and straight individuals (mean  =  3.05, SD  =  2.06). Alcohol use was positively associated with neighborhood disorder (β  =  0.12, 95% CI  =  0.07, 0.17), housing insecurity (β  =  0.14, 95% CI  =  0.03, 0.25), and male gender (β  =  0.98, 95% CI  =  0.96, 1.00). In contrast, neighborhood density (β  =  -0.11, 95% CI  =  -0.15, -0.07), food insecurity (β  =  -0.14, 95% CI  =  -0.20, -0.08), being Black, and identifying as bisexual were negatively associated with alcohol use. Sensitivity analyses determined no significant differences among specfic supgroups. Discussion/Significance of Impact: This study highlights important differences in alcohol use across SMPs and emphasizes the influence of neighborhood-level stressors (e.g., disorder and housing insecurity). These findings underscore the need for addressing social and environmental determinants of alcohol use in SMPs to mitigate the negative impacts of alcohol consumption.

Objectives/Goals: The study is designed to co-develop a genetics education digital platform with community participants. Diverse populations, especially African American communities, are less likely to participate in genetic testing and clinical trials. To increase participation and community input, we want community participants across Louisiana. Methods/Study Population: A cross-sectional, mixed-methods study will be conducted to assess interest in learning about genetics through a digital education platform and to adapt the platform based on participant feedback. Specific Aim 1 will be achieved by recruiting a diverse cohort and collecting demographic data to identify participants’ characteristics. For Specific Aim 2, 35 community participants will be enrolled as a co-design team to complete 5-week educational modules. Feedback from focus groups will guide iterative platform refinements, ensuring the platform is culturally tailored and user-friendly. Results/Anticipated Results: For Specific Aim 1, we anticipate that the majority of participants will express interest in learning about genetics through the digital platform, with demographic data revealing a diverse participant pool, predominantly from African American and Hispanic communities. For Specific Aim 2, we expect that all 35 co-design team members will complete the 5-week modules. Feedback from the focus groups is anticipated to highlight the need for more user-friendly navigation, culturally tailored content, and enhanced visuals. These insights will guide the refinement of the digital platform for improved engagement and accessibility. Discussion/Significance of Impact: This study addresses a critical translational barrier – underrepresentation of African descended communities in genetic testing. By developing a culturally tailored, digital platform to engage these populations, the project aims to reduce health disparities, enhance genetic literacy, and foster inclusivity in genomic research.

Objectives/Goals: A sample of 1,073 hypertensive adults in Bangladesh showed unusually high rates of hypokalemia. We analyzed sociodemographic and clinical factors – including age, sex, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, creatinine clearance, and urine protein concentration – to identify key predictors of hypokalemia. Methods/Study Population: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 1,073 hypertensive adults from the OK study in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2022–2023). Hypertension was defined as blood pressure >140/90 mmHg, and none of the participants were on any antihypertensive medication prior to the study. Hypokalemia was defined as serum potassium Results/Anticipated Results: The prevalence of hypokalemia was 21.5%. In univariate analysis, age (OR 0.975, 95% CI [0.959, 0.990], p  =  0.00189), systolic blood pressure (OR 1.02, 95% CI [1.00, 1.03], p  =  0.00568) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.04], p  =  0.000272) were significantly associated with hypokalemia. In multivariate analysis, age (OR 0.961, 95% CI [0.936, 0.985], p  =  0.00167) remained significant, and creatinine clearance (OR 0.986, 95% CI [0.974, 0.999], p  =  0.0386) became significant. BMI, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, sex, and urine protein concentration were not significant. Discussion/Significance of Impact: In the multivariate analysis, age and creatinine clearance was statistically significant; however, their effect sizes were small and unlikely to be clinically meaningful. The underlying reasons for the high prevalence of hypokalemia in this population remain unclear, warranting further investigation to identify contributing factors.

Objectives/Goals: This study aimed to identify preferences for nutrient-dense foods with critical nutrients associated with reduced neuroinflammation and perinatal depression risk. Aim two evaluated the acceptability of daily intake and preparation methods of select foods in Black American pregnant and postpartum people living in food apartheid in St. Louis. Methods/Study Population: The study included a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design with data collection at the YWCA of Metro St. Louis during Early Head Start programming with 21 participants living in geographies with low grocery-to-convenience store ratios. We conducted an open-ended online survey to determine participants’ preferences for specific foods with high nutrient density. Food preferences were subjected to nutrient analyses using FoodData Central, and foods with the highest concentrations of critical nutrients associated with reduced neuroinflammation and perinatal depression risk were identified. We presented results during a focus group with participants who completed the survey and evaluated the acceptability of daily intake and preparation methods. Results/Anticipated Results: Preferred food choices with the highest concentrations of critical nutrients associated with reduced neuroinflammation and perinatal depression risk included dark red kidney beans, black beans, pinto beans, black-eyed peas, peanuts, almonds, pistachios, walnuts, pecans, carrots, spinach, red bell pepper, sweet potatoes, and salmon. Participant justifications for low acceptance of daily intake included allergic reactions, “dry” or “slimy” texture, undesirable taste or appearance, absence of cravings, preferring alternatives, complicated preparation methods, and financial tradeoffs. Participant justifications for high acceptance included desirable taste and texture, diverse modification and preparation options, and nutrient composition critical for anemia treatment. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The study identified nutrient-dense food preferences within a sample vulnerable to nutrient-poor alternatives and health consequences. Participant acceptance of nutrient-dense intake was contingent upon recipes fulfilling cravings, acceptance among persons preparing meals, and diverse options to prevent boredom with preparation methods.

Objectives/Goals: A summer research program for medical students was implemented using real-world evidence (RWE) – electronic health record (EHR) databases to develop and answer research questions. Medical students were trained in capabilities of traversing the large RWE-EHR so they may query, extract, and analyze data as well as refine their research questions. Methods/Study Population: Ten medical students and 9 non-data scientist mentors underwent training in how to use the IU School of Medicine-Evansville RWEdataLab (CRC/Sidus Insights) national real-world cardiology and psychiatry deidentified EHR databases. The program began with students attending introductory training teaching database, spreadsheet, and statistical program usage. During the remainder of the program, a weekly best practices meeting took place among mentors and a weekly cohort meeting of students and mentors discussed student presented findings. At the end of the program, students generated abstracts and poster or podium presentations to share their findings at local symposia. A survey was also distributed to students to assess the impact of the tools, trainings, and program. Results/Anticipated Results: All students were able to define a question of interest, query and extract data related to their research question, and analyze multiple aspects of their data. Projects were well received at local symposia, with 2 receiving special honors, and 2 projects have been presented at regional/national conferences. Students rated the program highly and were likely to recommend the program to other students. They self-rated improvements in asking scientific questions, using excel, data presentations, and problem-solving. Students valued weekly “check-in” meetings and interactions with mentors more than lectures or technical “help desk” support. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The program provides mechanisms for non-data scientists and medical trainees, to learn and access RWE-EHR databases to address research questions. The cohort interactions fostered discussion among mentors and students promoting research question refinement and clarity findings. The program also introduces a new tool for potential patient care.

Objectives/Goals: Telehealth is a key solution to improving access to healthcare and disease detection, especially in rural areas. Telehealth access relies on the presence of broadband in an area, which has shifted with the growing importance of internet. We aim to assess the distribution of US county-level broadband availability from 2017 to 2020 overall and by rurality. Methods/Study Population: We employed an ecologic study design to examine the distributions of two measures of broadband availability across all US counties from 2017 to 2020. Broadband presence was defined as counties meeting the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) definition of broadband with at least one high-speed internet provider and an average download/upload speed of at least 25/3 megabits per second using 2017–2020 FCC Broadband Deployment Data. Broadband access, or county-year proportion of households with broadband, was defined using 2017–2020 data from the American Community Survey. We used log-binomial and linear regression models and a difference-in-difference analytical approach to estimate the difference in the change in broadband presence and access from 2017 to 2020 between rural and urban counties. Results/Anticipated Results: Overall, broadband presence increased across the study period, where 66.82% of counties had broadband present in 2017 versus 92.57% in 2020. A major jump occurred from 2018 to 2019, where 64.96% of counties had broadband present in 2018 compared to 91.09% in 2019. Broadband access also rose, where the average proportion of households with broadband was 69.43% in 2017 and 78.24% in 2020. The increase in both broadband presence and access from 2017 to 2020 was larger in rural counties compared to urban counties. Specifically, the increase in the probability of having broadband present from 2017 to 2020 was 30% higher in rural compared to urban counties (95% CI: 1.24, 1.38). The increase in the proportion of households with broadband was 1.21% higher from 2017 to 2020 in rural compared to urban counties (95% CI: 0.004, 0.021). Discussion/Significance of Impact: While broadband presence and access both increased from 2017 to 2020, the observed increases were larger in rural compared to urban counties. Improvements in broadband access in the US are continuously needed to increase the use of telehealth and, subsequently, lessen rural/urban disparities in healthcare access and disease detection.

Objectives/Goals: This study examines prevalence of complete sample size justifications in publications in the top five clinical neurology journals. Secondary goals include comparing study designs and clinical populations to explore whether some may be more likely to include inadequate sample size considerations. Methods/Study Population: Recent studies (n  =  125) in Lancet Neurology, Alzheimer’s and Dementia, JAMA Neurology, Acta Neuropathology, and Brain will be evaluated. For each journal, the 25 most recent empirical articles between 2022 and 2023 will be examined for their inclusion of a justification and reproducible sample size calculation. Inclusion of components of an ideal sample size justification will be evaluated: effect size to be detected (standardized or unstandardized), alpha, power, and from where values were derived. Prevalence and completeness will be compared among study designs, clinical populations, and with regard to journal reporting requirements. Results/Anticipated Results: At the pilot review stage, 17 of 25 included studies had any kind of sample size justification, and only 3 studies had enough information to reproduce their sample size calculations. Retrospective studies included a sample size justification more frequently (81.8% vs. 57.1%), but prospective studies had more complete sample size justifications, when present. We hypothesize that sample size calculations will be more complete in reports of clinical trials and prospective cohort studies, compared to retrospective and cross-sectional designs. Based on our previous research, we do not expect that journal reporting requirements will affect completeness of sample size justifications. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Translational decision-making is informed in part by the robustness of current research. Transparency of sample size considerations in publications can contribute to the formation of less biased opinions of translational readiness and, subsequently, more efficient and effective translation.

Objectives/Goals: With qualitative interviews we aim to 1-Describe barriers and facilitators for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) survivors’ access to late effects (LE) care. 2-Investigate clinicians’ perceptions of current and ideal PTLD LE care. Our long-term goal is to develop and pilot implementation strategies to standardize PTLD LE care. Methods/Study Population: Study population: We will recruit 20–25 PTLD survivors or their caregivers and 10–15 health care workers (HCW) from oncology, LE, and solid organ transplant (SOT) teams at St. Louis Children’s Hospital (SLCH). PTLD is a lymphoma-like cancer that occurs in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. PTLD survivors experience LE from cancer, yet many do not receive LE care. Research strategy: We will conduct qualitative semi-structured interviews based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). A preliminary codebook will be based on CFIR and refined through transcript review. Team-based coding includes double coding and checking for intercoder reliability. We will generate coding reports to understand themes and identify barriers and facilitators of LE care. Results/Anticipated Results: We hypothesize survivors, caregivers, and HCWs will identify actionable factors to inform future studies to optimize LE care. We will examine the CFIR inner setting (resources, communication, and structural characteristics), outer setting (local attitudes and external pressures), innovation domain (adaptability, evidence base, and relative advantage), individuals domain (need, opportunity, and motivation), and implementation process domain. Our contribution will be novel. 1-This is the first assessment of barriers and facilitators for LE care in pediatric PTLD survivors. 2-We will consider input from HCWs across various disciplines delivering care to PTLD survivors. 3-We anticipate identifying unique contextual factors in PTLD survivors that will influence implementation of evidence-based LE care. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Pediatric cancer survivors experience LE. Coordinated care mitigates LE. PTLD survivors experience a high burden of LE, but less than 10% of PTLD survivors at SLCH follow in LE clinic. No studies have evaluated ideal delivery of LE care for PTLD survivors. Our findings will inform an implementation trial to improve delivery of LE care for PTLD survivors.

Objectives/Goals: To identify the genomic mechanisms underlying cross-species regulation of longevity among mammals and birds and to characterize the impact of those conserved pathways on human aging. More broadly, this study aims to develop a novel evolutionary approach to understand the genetics of complex traits. Methods/Study Population: High-quality genome sequences for 194 bird species and 295 mammal species with reliable longevity and body size data were obtained from publicly available resources. The data include coding sequence alignments of 16,863 mammalian and 14,565 avian one-to-one orthologous genes. Gene-wise relative evolutionary rates (RERConverge) and maximum likelihood phylogenetics (PAML) were computed to assess for evidence of purifying selection and positive selection for longevity. As part of ongoing analysis, human orthologs of selected results will be examined in the UK Biobank for validation. Results/Anticipated Results: Preliminarily, we have found a signal of concordant positive selection between two classes of vertebrates separated by hundreds of millions of years. Several genes show signals of positive selection in long-lived species of both birds and mammals. Ongoing work focuses on elucidating the relationship between relative evolutionary rates and positive selection, the overlap in selection signature between long-lived animals with large body sizes and those who are exceptionally long lived for their body size, and further elaborating on convergence between mammals and birds. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Currently, most scientific knowledge about aging is from experiments on short-lived model organisms. By systematically studying the genomes of long-lived mammals and birds, we aim to develop a new method for studying complex traits and uncover novel insights into the mechanisms of longevity.

Objectives/Goals: Despite persistent health disparities, rural individuals are underrepresented in clinical trials, due in part to access barriers. We investigated if targeted strategies enhanced recruitment, engagement, and retention of rural adolescents in the TEENS+ randomized clinical trial, a 4-month family-based behavioral weight loss intervention. Methods/Study Population: Adolescents (12–16 y) and parents with obesity were eligible for TEENS+. Treatment converted to virtual in COVID-19, allowing eligibility to expand to more rural areas. We leveraged Informatics, a practice-based research network, and direct marketing to identify potential rural participants. Targeted engagement strategies included: rural physician outreach, physician-endorsed letters, providing tablets and mobile hotspots, reimbursing travel, and offering in-person or remote assessment visits. Chi-square tests evaluated differences in screener completion and enrollment of rural families before (T0) and after (T1) changes were made. Noninferiority tests evaluated rural vs. nonrural retention and engagement (% attendance, % dietary self-monitoring) and engagement based on digital tool receipt. Results/Anticipated Results: N = 211 dyads enrolled (n = 54 in T1: 48% male; 41% Black). Screener completion by rural families significantly increased from T0 (9.8%) to T1 (15.1%; p = .043). Yet, there was no significant change in rural adolescent enrollment (T0 = 10%; T1 = 9%; p = .844). Sixteen adolescents (30%) received study tablets, and none needed mobile hotspots. Mean adolescent attendance was 75%±28% for group and 94%±18% for individual sessions, with no significant differences based on rural status or tablet use. Rural adolescent self-monitoring (via app) was 28%, compared with 50% for non-rural adolescents (p = .074). Retention was 94% at 4m and 89% at 8m for T1 participants, with no differences based on rural status. At the primary endpoint (12 m), retention was significantly higher for rural (100%) vs. non-rural (87%) participants; p = .013. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Rural adolescent screener hits increased yet enrollment was unchanged. However, rural attendance was comparable and retention exceeded, compared to nonrural participants. Strategies to yield equitable representation and engagement in clinical trials are essential for geographic generalizability and to reduce rural health disparities.