Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-65tv2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-03T04:20:59.684Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Market Segmentation and the Cost of theCapital in International EquityMarkets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Abstract

While theoretical models predict a decrease in the costof capital from depositary receipt offerings, theeconomic benefits of this liberalization have beendifficult to quantify, Using a sample of 126 firmsfrom 32 countries, we document a significant declineof 42% in the cost of capital. In addition, we showthe decline is driven by the ability of U.S.investors to span the foreign security prior tocross-listing. Our findings support eh hypothesisthat financial market liberalizations havesignificant economic benefits.

Information

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

Footnotes

*

Faculty of Management, McGill University, 1001Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G5,Canada, and Lowry mays College and Graduate Schoolof Business, Texas A&M University, 306 WehnerBuilding, College Station, TX 77843, respectively.We are very grateful to René Stulz for manyinsightful comments and discussions. We also thankGeorge Allaynnis, ked Hogan, Dennis Logue, LemmaSenbet, an anonymous Refereed, Stephen Brown (theeditor), and seminar participants at the FourthInternational Finance conference at Georgia TechUniversity, McGill University, Texas A&MUniversity, and the 1998 European FinancialManagement Associateion conference. Ross Prevattand Alan Montgomery provided valuable researchassistance. The Social Sciences and HumanitiesResearch Council of Canada and the Center forInternational Business Studies at Texas A&MUniversity provided financial support and theInternational Finance Corporation provided thedate on emerging markets.

References

Alexander, G.; Eun, C.; and Janakiramanan, S.. “International Listings and Stock Returns: Some Empirical Evidence.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 23 (1988) 135151.10.2307/2330877S0022109000013004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. M., and Lyon, J. D.. “Detecting Abnormal Operating Performance: The Empirical Power and Specification of Test-Statistics.” Journal of Financial Economics, 41 (1966a) 359399.10.1016/0304-405X(96)84701-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. M., and Lyon, J. D.. “How Can Long-Run Abnormal Stock Returns Be Both Positively and Negatively Biased?” Working Paper, Univ. of California at Davis, CA (1996b).Google Scholar
Basak, S.An Intertemporal Model of International Capital Market Segmentation.” Journal of Finance, 50 (1995), 403404.10.2307/2329414Google Scholar
Beckaert, G., and Harvey, C. R.. “Time-Varying World Market Integration.” Journal of Finance. 50 (1995), 403404.10.2307/2329414Google Scholar
Beckaert, G., and Harvey, C. R.. “Foreign Speculators and Emerging Equity Markets.” Unpubl. Working Paper, Stanford Univ., California (1998).Google Scholar
Bekaert, G., and Urias, M.. “Diversification Integration and Emerging Market Closed-End Funds.” Journal of Finance, 51 (1996), 835869.10.2307/2329224Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, U.; Daouk, H.; Jorgenson, B.; and Kehr, C.-H.. “When an Event Is Not an Event: The Curious Case of an Emerging Market.” Journal of Financial Economics, 55 (2000), 69101.10.1016/S0304-405X(99)00045-8Google Scholar
Chan, K. C.; Karolyi, G. A.; and Stulz, R.. “Global Financial Markets and the Risk Premium on U. S. Equity.” Journal of Financial Economics, 32 (1992), 137167.10.1016/0304-405X(92)90016-QGoogle Scholar
Conrad, J., and Kaul, G.. “Long-Term Market Overreaction or Bias in Computed Returns?Journal of Finance, 48 (1993), 3963.10.2307/2328881Google Scholar
Daniel, K.; Hirshleifer, D.; and Subrahmanyam, A.. “A Theory of Overconfidence, Self-Attribution, and Security Market Under- and Over-ReactionsJournal of Finance, 53 (1998), 18391885.10.1111/0022-1082.0007710.1111/0022-1082.00077CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diwan, K.; Errunza, V.; and Senbet, L.. “Empirical Perspectives on National Index Funds” Unpubl. Working Paper, World Bank, Washington, DC (1993).Google Scholar
Dubois, M., and Jeanneret, P.. “The Long-Run Performance of Seasoned Equity Offerings with Rights” Working Paper, Univ. of Neuchatel (1998).Google Scholar
Errunza, V.Efficiency and the Programs to Develop Capital Markets: The Brazilian Experience.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 3 (1979), 355382.10.1016/0378-4266(79)90028-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Errunza, V. “Efficiency and the Programs to Develop Capital Markets: Integration through Time.” Unpubl. Working Paper, McGill Univ., Montreal, Canada (1995).Google Scholar
Errunza, V.Can the Gains from International Diversification be Achieved without Trading Abroad?Journal of Finance, 54 (1999), 20752107.10.1111/0022-1082.00182Google Scholar
Errunza, V., and Losq, E.. “International Asset Pricing under Mild Segmentation: Theory and Test.” Journal of Finance, 40 (1985), 105124.10.2307/2328050Google Scholar
Errunza, V., and Losq, E., and Padmanabhan, P.. “Tests of Integration, Mild Segmentation and Segmentation Hypotheses.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 16 (1992), 949972.10.1016/0378-4266(92)90034-W10.1016/0378-4266(92)90034-WGoogle Scholar
Errunza, V.; Senbet, L.; and Hogan, K.. “The Pricing of Country Funds from Emerging Markets: Theory and Evidence.” International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, 1 (1998), 111143.10.1142/S021902499800006010.1142/S0219024998000060CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eun, C., and Janakiramanan, S.. “A Model of International Asset Pricing with a Constraint on the Foreign Equity Ownership.Journal of Finance, 41 (1986), 897914.10.2307/2328235Google Scholar
Foerster, S. R., and Karolyi, G. A.. “The Long-Run Performance of Global Equity Offerings.” Unpubl. Working Paper, Univ. of Western Ontario, Candada (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foerster, S. R., and Karolyi, G. A.. “The Effects of Market Segmentation and Investor Recognition on Asset Prices: Evidence from Foreign Stocks Listing in the U. S.Journal of Finance, 54 (1999), 9811013.10.1111/0022-1082.00134Google Scholar
Henry, P. B.Stock Market Liberalization, Economic Reform, and Emerging Market Equity Prices.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000a), 529564.10.1111/0022-1082.00219Google Scholar
Henry, P. B.Do Stock Market Liberalizations Cause Investment Booms?Journal of Financial Economics, 58 (2000b), 301334.10.1016/S0304-405X(00)00073-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, J. K., and Stulz, R. M.. “How Different is Japanese Corporate Finance? An investigation of New Security Issues.” Review of Financial Studies, 9 (1996), 109139.10.1093/rfs/9.1.109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karolyi, G. A.Why Do Companies List Shares Abroad? A Survey of the Evidence and Its Managerial Implications.” New York Univ. Salomon Bros. Center (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, E. H., and Singa, V., “Stock Market Openings: Experinece of Emerging Economics.” Journal of Business, 73, (2000), 2566.10.1086/209631CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kothari, S. P., and Warner, J. B.. “Measuring Long-Horizon Security Price Performance.” Journal of Financial Economics, 43 (1997), 301339.10.1016/S0304-405X(96)00899-9Google Scholar
Logue, D., and Sundaram, A.. “Valuation Effects of Foreign Company Listings on U.S. Exchanges.” Journal of International Business Studies, 27, 1 (1996), 6788.10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490127Google Scholar
Loughran, T., and Ritter, J., “The New Issues Puzzle.” Journal of Finance, 50 (1995), 2352.10.2307/2329238Google Scholar
Loughran, T., and Ritter, J.. “The Operating Performance of Firms Conducting Seasoned Equity Offerings.” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 18231850.10.2307/2329466Google Scholar
McKinnon, R.Money and Capital in Economic Development.” Washington DC: The Brookings Institution (1973).Google Scholar
Merton, R.Presidential Address: A Simple Model of Capital Market Equilibrium with Incomplete Information.” Journal of Finance, 42 (1987), 483510.10.2307/232836710.1111/j.1540-6261.1987.tb04565.xGoogle Scholar
Miller, D. P.The Market Reaction to International Cross-Listings: Evidence from Depositary Receipts.” Journal of Financial Economics, 51 (1999), 103123.10.1016/S0304-405X(98)00045-2Google Scholar
Newey, W., and West, K.. “A Simple Positive Semi-Definite Heteroscedesticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix.” Econometrica, 55 (1987), 703708.10.2307/1913610Google Scholar
Padmanabhan, P.Investment Barriers and International Asset Pricing.” Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2 (1992), 299319.10.1007/BF00586441CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pagano, M.; Röel, A.; and Zechner, J.. “The Geography of Equity Listing: Why do European Companies List Abroad?” Unpubl. Working Paper, CEPR (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, E.Financial Deepening in Economic Development.” New York NY: Oxford Univ. Press (1973).Google Scholar
Spiess, K., and Affleck-Graves, J.. “The Long-Run Performance following Seasoned Equity Issues.” Journal of Financial Economics, 38 (1995), 243267.10.1016/0304-405X(94)00817-KGoogle Scholar
Stulz, R.On the Effects of Barriers to International Asset Pricing.” Journal of Finance, 25 (1981), 783794.Google Scholar
Stulz, R. “International Portfolio Flows and Securities Markets.” Unpubl. Working Paper No. 97–12, Ohio State Univ. (1997).Google Scholar
Stulz, R.Globalization of Equity Markets and the Cost of Capital.” Paper presented at SBF/NYSE Conference on Global Equity Markets, Paris (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suchard, J. A.The Use of Stand Alone Warrants as a Capital Raising Tool.” Working Paper, Univ. of New South Wales (1998).Google Scholar
Urias, M. “The Impact of Security Cross-Listing on the Cost of Capital in Emerging Markets.” Unpubl. Diss., Stanford Univ. (1994).Google Scholar