Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T13:42:59.154Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Crash Risk in Currency Returns

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2018

Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We develop an empirical model of bilateral exchange rates. It includes normal shocks with stochastic variance and jumps in an exchange rate and in its variance. The probability of a jump in an exchange rate corresponding to depreciation (appreciation) of the U.S. dollar is increasing in the domestic (foreign) interest rate. The probability of a jump in variance is increasing in the variance only. Jumps in exchange rates are associated with announcements; jumps in variance are not. On average, jumps account for 25% of currency risk. The dollar carry index retains these features. Options suggest that jump risk is priced.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2018 

Footnotes

1

We are grateful to an anonymous referee and Hendrik Bessembinder (the editor), as well as many people who gave us advice, including Yacine Ait-Sahalia, David Backus, Magnus Dahlquist, Itamar Drechsler, Bjorn Eraker, Peter Feldhutter, Diego Garcia, Francisco Gomes, Michael Johannes, Igor Makarov, Christopher Neely, Alessandro Palandri, Guillaume Plantin, Nick Roussanov, Lucio Sarno, Paul Schneider, Ivan Shaliastovich, Elvira Sojli, Vladimir Sokolov, Zhaogang Song, Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, Adrien Verdelhan, Christian Wagner, Amir Yaron, and Stan Zin, as well as participants in seminars at and conferences sponsored by the American Economic Association (AEA), BI Oslo, University of Chicago, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales du Nord (EDHEC), the Federal Reserve, Goldman Sachs, Imperial College, London Business School (LBS), London School of Economics (LSE), Montreal Structured Finance and Derivatives Institute (IFSID) and Bank of Canada, Moscow Higher School of Economics (HSE), the New York Federal Reserve Bank, New York University, the Society for Economic Dynamics (SED), the Society for Financial Econometrics (SoFiE), Stockholm University, the Swedish House of Finance, Tinbergen Institute, the University of British Columbia, UCLA, the University of North Carolina, and the University of Pennsylvania. Zviadadze gratefully acknowledges support from the AXA Research Fund and Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation.

References

Ait-Sahalia, Y.; Cacho-Diaz, J.; and Laeven, R. J. A.. “Modeling Financial Contagion Using Mutually Exciting Jump Processes.” Journal of Financial Economics, 117 (2015), 585600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvarez, F., and Jermann, U.. “Using Asset Prices to Measure the Persistence of the Marginal Utility of Wealth.” Econometrica, 73 (2005), 19772016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, T. G.; Benzoni, L.; and Lund, J.. “An Empirical Investigation of Continuous-Time Equity Returns.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 12391284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacchetta, P., and Van Wincoop, E.. “Can Information Heterogeneity Explain the Exchange Rate Determination Puzzle?American Economic Review, 96 (2006), 552576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Backus, D.; Chernov, M.; and Martin, I.. “Disasters Implied by Equity Index Options.” Journal of Finance, 66 (2011), 19692012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baillie, R. T., and Bollerslev, T.. “The Message in Daily Exchange Rates: A Conditional-Variance Tale.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 7 (1989), 297305.Google Scholar
Bakshi, G.; Carr, P.; and Wu, L.. “Stochastic Risk Premiums, Stochastic Skewness in Currency Options, and Stochastic Discount Factors in International Economics.” Journal of Financial Economics, 87 (2008), 132156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barroso, P., and Santa-Clara, P.. “Beyond the Carry Trade: Optimal Currency Portfolios.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 50 (2015), 10371056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bates, D. K.Jumps and Stochastic Volatility: Exchange Rate Processes Implicit in Deutsche Mark Options.” Review of Financial Studies, 9 (1996), 69107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekaert, G., and Hodrick, R. J.. “Characterizing Predictable Components in Excess Returns on Equity and Foreign Exchange Markets.” Journal of Finance, 47 (1992), 467509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekaert, G., and Hodrick, R. J.. “On Biases in the Measurement of Foreign Exchange Risk Premiums.” Journal of International Money and Finance, 12 (1993), 115138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bilson, J. F. O.The ‘Speculative Efficiency’ Hypothesis.” Journal of Business, 54 (1981), 435451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, M. W., and Santa-Clara, P.. “Simulated Likelihood Estimations of Diffusions with an Application to Exchange Rate Dynamics in Incomplete Markets.” Journal of Financial Economics, 63 (2002), 161210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brennan, M. J., and Xia, Y.. “International Capital Markets and Foreign Exchange Risk.” Review of Financial Studies, 19 (2006), 753795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadie, M.; Chernov, M.; and Johannes, M.. “Model Specification and Risk Premia: Evidence from Futures Options.” Journal of Finance, 62 (2007), 14531490.Google Scholar
Brunnermeier, M. K.; Nagel, S.; and Pedersen, L. H.. “Carry Trades and Currency Crashes.” In NBER Macroeconomics Annual, Vol. 23, Acemoglu, D., Rogoff, K., and Woodford, M., eds. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press (2008).Google Scholar
Campa, J. M.; Chang, P. H. K.; and Reider, R. L.. “Implied Exchange Rate Distributions: Evidence from OTC Option Markets.” Journal of International Money and Finance, 17 (1998), 117160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, P., and Wu, L.. “Stochastic Skew in Currency Options.” Journal of Financial Economics, 86 (2007), 213247.Google Scholar
Chernov, M.On the Role of Risk Premia in Volatility Forecasting.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 25 (2007), 411426.Google Scholar
Chernov, M.; Gallant, A. R.; Ghysels, E.; and Tauchen, G.. “Alternative Models for Stock Price Dynamics.” Journal of Econometrics, 116 (2003), 225257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chernov, M., and Ghysels, E.. “A Study Towards a Unified Approach to the Joint Estimation of Objective and Risk Neutral Measures for the Purposes of Options Valuations.” Journal of Financial Economics, 56 (2000), 407458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheung, S.“An Empirical Analysis of Joint Time-Series of Returns and the Term-Structure of Option Prices.” Working Paper, Columbia University (2008).Google Scholar
Duffie, D.; Pan, J.; and Singleton, K.. “Transform Analysis and Asset Pricing for Affine Jump-Diffusions.” Econometrica, 68 (2000), 13431376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, C., and Hamilton, J. D.. “Long Swings in the Dollar: Are They in the Data and Do Markets Know It?American Economic Review, 80 (1990), 689713.Google Scholar
Engle, R. F.; Ito, T.; and Lin, W.-L.. “Meteor Showers or Heat Waves? Heteroskedastic Intra-Daily Volatility in the Foreign Exchange Market.” Econometrica, 58 (1990), 525542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eraker, B.; Johannes, M.; and Polson, N.. “The Impact of Jumps in Volatility and Returns.” Journal of Finance, 58 (2003), 12691300.Google Scholar
Eraker, B.Do Stock Prices and Volatility Jump? Reconciling Evidence from Spot and Option Prices.” Journal of Finance, 58 (2004), 12691300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F.Forward and Spot Exchange Rates.” Journal of Monetary Economics, 14 (1984), 319338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gourieroux, C., and Jasiak, J.. “Autoregressive Gamma Processes.” Journal of Forecasting, 25 (2006), 129152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graveline, J. J.“Exchange Rate Volatility and the Forward Premium Anomaly.” Working Paper, University of Minnesota (2006).Google Scholar
Harvey, C. R., and Huang, R. D.. “Volatility in the Foreign Currency Futures Market.” Review of Financial Studies, 4 (1991), 543569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, A. G.Spectra of Some Self-Exciting and Mutually Exciting Point Processes.” Biometrika, 58 (1971), 8390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacquier, E.; Polson, N. G.; and Rossi, P. E.. “Bayesian Analysis of Stochastic Volatility Models with Fat-Tails and Correlated Errors.” Journal of Econometrics, 122 (2004), 185212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarrow, R., and Madan, D.. “Option Pricing Using the Term Structure of Interest Rates to Hedge Systematic Discontinuities in Asset Returns.” Mathematical Finance, 5 (1995), 311336.Google Scholar
Johannes, M., and Polson, N. G.. “MCMC Methods for Continuous-Time Financial Econometrics.” In Handbook of Financial Econometrics, Ait-Sahalia, Y. and Hansen, L., eds. Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-Holland (2009).Google Scholar
Jones, C. S.The Dynamics of Stochastic Volatility: Evidence from Underlying and Options Markets.” Journal of Econometrics, 116 (2003), 181224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jorion, P.On Jump Processes in the Foreign Exchange and Stock Markets.” Review of Financial Studies, 1 (1988), 427445.Google Scholar
Kass, R. E., and Raftery, A. E.. “Bayes Factors.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90 (1995), 773795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le, A.; Singleton, K. J.; and Dai, Q.. “Discrete-Time Affine Term Structure Models with Generalized Market Prices of Risk.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 21842227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lustig, H.; Roussanov, N.; and Verdelhan, A.. “Common Risk Factors in Currency Markets.” Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011), 37313777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lustig, H.; Roussanov, N.; and Verdelhan, A.. “Countercyclical Currency Risk Premia.” Journal of Financial Economics, 111 (2014), 527553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lustig, H., and Verdelhan, A.. “The Cross-Section of Foreign Currency Risk Premia and US Consumption Growth Risk.” American Economic Review, 97 (2007), 89117.Google Scholar
Maheu, J. M., and McCurdy, T. H.. “Modeling Foreign Exchange Rates with Jumps.” In Forecasting in the Presence of Structural Breaks and Model Uncertainty, Vol. 3, Rapach, D. E. and Wohar, M. E., eds. Bingley, UK: Emerald (2008).Google Scholar
Martin, I.“Simple Variance Swaps.” NBER Working Paper (2013).Google Scholar
Menkhoff, L.; Sarno, L.; Schmeling, M.; and Schrimpf, A.. “Carry Trades and Global Foreign Exchange Volatility.” Journal of Finance, 67 (2012), 681718.Google Scholar
Neely, C. J.Target Zones and Conditional Volatility: The Role of Realignments.” Journal of Empirical Finance, 6 (1999), 177192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nowotny, M.“Disaster Begets Crisis: The Role of Contagion in Financial Markets.” Working Paper, Boston University (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pan, J.The Jump-Risk Premia Implicit in Options: Evidence from an Integrated Time-Series Study.” Journal of Financial Economics, 63 (2002), 350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pastorello, S.; Renault, E.; and Touzi, N.. “Statistical Inference for Random-Variance Option Pricing.” Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 18 (2000), 358367.Google Scholar
Platen, E., and Rebolledo, R.. “Weak Convergence of Semimartingales and Discretization Methods.” Stochastic Processes and Their Applications, 20 (1985), 4158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santa-Clara, P., and Yan, S.. “Crashes, Volatility, and the Equity Premium: Lessons from S&P 500 Options.” Review of Economics and Statistics, 92 (2010), 435451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tryon, R.“Testing for Rational Expectations in Foreign Exchange Markets.” Working Paper, Federal Reserve (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Chernov et al. supplementary material

Internet Appendix

Download Chernov et al. supplementary material(File)
File 405.2 KB