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Cargo carrying by a spring connected chiral micro-swimmer in a square channel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2025

Xiao Hu Open the ORCID record for Xiao Hu [Opens in a new window] ,
Weijin Chen ,
Zuchao Zhu ,
Jianzhong Lin Open the ORCID record for Jianzhong Lin [Opens in a new window] ,
Deming Nie Open the ORCID record for Deming Nie [Opens in a new window]  and
Yan Xia Open the ORCID record for Yan Xia [Opens in a new window]
Xiao Hu
Affiliation:
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multiflow and Fluid Machinery, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
Weijin Chen
Affiliation:
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multiflow and Fluid Machinery, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
Zuchao Zhu*
Affiliation:
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multiflow and Fluid Machinery, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
Jianzhong Lin*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China
Deming Nie
Affiliation:
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Flow Measurement Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China
Yan Xia
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
*
Corresponding authors: Zuchao Zhu, zhuzuchao@zstu.edu.cn; Jianzhong Lin, mecjzlin@public.zju.edu.cn
Corresponding authors: Zuchao Zhu, zhuzuchao@zstu.edu.cn; Jianzhong Lin, mecjzlin@public.zju.edu.cn
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Abstract

Cargo carrying by a spring connected chiral micro-swimmer in a square channel is numerical studied by the three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method and a chiral squirmer model. The effects of the driving type (β), swimming Reynolds number (Rep), spin coefficient (ξ) and diameter ratio (S) on the changes of the cargo-carrying velocity, spring length and motion modes are investigated, respectively. Four kinds of interesting motion modes are observed. When the chirality is not considered, the optimal combination for maximising swimming velocity are the pusher–cargo and cargo–puller configurations when Rep = 0.1 ∼ 1. When Rep is enhanced, the swimming velocities of the pusher–cargo, puller–cargo and cargo–pusher are increased, while the velocity of the cargo–puller is gradually decreased. When considering the chirality, only the swimming velocity of cargo–pusher and cargo–puller keep an interesting increment, and the reverse motion mode for the pusher-cargo and puller-cargo is firstly found in the present work when ξ exceeds a certain value. The impact of S on the cargo-carrying behaviour is complex, three kinds of oscillatory trajectories will appear under different ξ and S. The swimming velocity is reduced and even zero velocity will be observed when S is large. This work reveals key factors on the movement of microorganisms, offering guidance for improving cargo-carrying capabilities.

JFM classification

Biological Fluid Dynamics: Micro-organism dynamics Micro-/Nano-fluid dynamics: Microscale transport
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1011 , 25 May 2025 , A50
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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