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Direct numerical simulation of the turbulent boundary layer over a cube-roughened wall

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2011

JAE HWA LEE ,
HYUNG JIN SUNG  and
PER-ÅGE KROGSTAD
JAE HWA LEE
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
HYUNG JIN SUNG*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
PER-ÅGE KROGSTAD
Affiliation:
Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
*
†Email address for correspondence: hjsung@kaist.ac.kr
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Abstract

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer (TBL) over a wall roughened with regularly arrayed cubes was performed to investigate the effects of three-dimensional (3-D) surface elements on the properties of the TBL. The cubes were staggered in the downstream direction and periodically arranged in the streamwise and spanwise directions with pitches of px/k = 8 and pz/k = 2, where px and pz are the streamwise and spanwise spacings of the cubes and k is the roughness height. The Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness was varied in the range Reθ = 300−1300, and the roughness height was k = 1.5θin, where θin is the momentum thickness at the inlet, which corresponds to k/δ = 0.052–0.174 from the inlet to the outlet; δ is the boundary layer thickness. The characteristics of the TBL over the 3-D cube-roughened wall were compared with the results from a DNS of the TBL over a two-dimensional (2-D) rod-roughened wall. The introduction of cube roughness affected the turbulent Reynolds stresses not only in the roughness sublayer but also in the outer layer. The present instantaneous flow field and linear stochastic estimations of the conditional averaging showed that the streaky structures in the near-wall region and the low-momentum regions and hairpin packets in the outer layer are dominant features in the TBLs over the 2-D and 3-D rough walls and that these features are significantly affected by the surface roughness throughout the entire boundary layer. In the outer layer, however, it was shown that the large-scale structures over the 2-D and 3-D roughened walls have similar characteristics, which indicates that the dimensional difference between the surfaces with 2-D and 3-D roughness has a negligible effect on the turbulence statistics and coherent structures of the TBLs.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer structure Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers Turbulent Flows: Turbulence simulation

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Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 669 , 25 February 2011 , pp. 397 - 431
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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