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Direct numerical simulations of transient turbulent jets: vortex-interface interactions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2021

C.R. Constante-Amores Open the ORCID record for C.R. Constante-Amores [Opens in a new window] ,
L. Kahouadji Open the ORCID record for L. Kahouadji [Opens in a new window] ,
A. Batchvarov Open the ORCID record for A. Batchvarov [Opens in a new window] ,
S. Shin Open the ORCID record for S. Shin [Opens in a new window] ,
J. Chergui Open the ORCID record for J. Chergui [Opens in a new window] ,
D. Juric Open the ORCID record for D. Juric [Opens in a new window]  and
O.K. Matar Open the ORCID record for O.K. Matar [Opens in a new window]
C.R. Constante-Amores
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
L. Kahouadji
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
A. Batchvarov
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
S. Shin
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and System Design Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul04066, Republic of Korea
J. Chergui
Affiliation:
Université Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), 91400Orsay, France
D. Juric
Affiliation:
Université Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), 91400Orsay, France
O.K. Matar*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
*
†Email address for correspondence: o.matar@imperial.ac.uk
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Abstract

The breakup of an interface into a cascade of droplets and their subsequent coalescence is a generic problem of central importance to a large number of industrial settings such as mixing, separations and combustion. We study the breakup of a liquid jet introduced through a cylindrical nozzle into a stagnant viscous phase via a hybrid interface-tracking/level-set method to account for the surface tension forces in a three-dimensional Cartesian domain. Numerical solutions are obtained for a range of Reynolds ($Re$) and Weber ($We$) numbers. We find that the interplay between the azimuthal and streamwise vorticity components leads to different interfacial features and flow regimes in $Re$–$We$ space. We show that the streamwise vorticity plays a critical role in the development of the three-dimensional instabilities on the jet surface. In the inertia-controlled regime at high $Re$ and $We$, we expose the details of the spatio-temporal development of the vortical structures affecting the interfacial dynamics. A mushroom-like structure is formed at the leading edge of the jet inducing the generation of a liquid sheet in its interior that undergoes rupture to form droplets. These droplets rotate inside the mushroom structure due to their interaction with the prevailing vortical structures. Additionally, Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices that form near the injection point deform in the streamwise direction to form hairpin vortices, which, in turn, trigger the formation of interfacial lobes in the jet core. The thinning of the lobes induces the creation of holes which expand to form liquid threads that undergo capillary breakup to form droplets.

JFM classification

Wakes/Jets: Jets Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase flow Mathematical Foundations: Computational methods
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 922 , 10 September 2021 , A6
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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