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Experimental observation of hairpin auto-generation events in a turbulent boundary layer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2016

Y. Jodai  and
G. E. Elsinga
Y. Jodai
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagawa College, Takamatsu, 7618058, Japan
G. E. Elsinga*
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Aero and Hydrodynamics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
*
†Email address for correspondence: g.e.elsinga@tudelft.nl
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Abstract

Time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry experiments show that new hairpin vortices are generated within a fully developed and unperturbed turbulent boundary layer. The measurements are taken at a Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness of 2038, and cover the near-wall region below $y^{+}=140$, where $y^{+}$ is the wall-normal distance in wall units. Instantaneous visualizations of the flow reveal near-wall low-speed streaks with associated quasi-streamwise vortices, retrograde inverted arch vortices, hairpin vortices and hairpin packets. The hairpin heads are observed as close to the wall as $y^{+}=30$. Examples of hairpin packet evolution reveal the development of new hairpin vortices, which are created upstream and close to the wall in a manner consistent with the auto-generation model (Zhou et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 387, 1999, pp. 353–396). The development of the new hairpin appears to be initiated by an approaching sweep event, which perturbs the shear layer associated with the initial packet. The shear layer rolls up, thereby forming the new hairpin head. The head subsequently connects to existing streamwise vortices and develops into a hairpin. The time scale associated with the hairpin auto-generation is 20–30 wall units of time. This demonstrates that hairpins can be created over short distances within a developed turbulent boundary layer, implying that they are not simply remnants of the laminar-to-turbulent transition process far upstream.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary Layers Boundary Layers: Boundary layer structure
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 795 , 25 May 2016 , pp. 611 - 633
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Copyright
© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

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Jodai and Elsinga supplementary movie

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