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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 May 2025
A previously developed modelling procedure for large eddy simulations (LESs) is extended to allow physical space implementations for inhomogeneous flows. The method is inspired by the well-established theoretical analyses and numerical investigations of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. A general procedure that focuses on recovering the full subgrid scale (SGS) dissipation from resolved fields is formulated, combining the advantages of both the structural and the functional strategy of SGS modelling. The interscale energy transfer is obtained from the test-filtered velocity field, corresponding to the subfilter scale (SFS) stress, or, equivalently, the similarity model is used to compute the total SGS dissipation. The energy transfer is then cast in the form of eddy viscosity, allowing the method to retain the desired total SGS dissipation in low resolution LES runs. The procedure also exhibits backscatter without causing numerical instabilities. The new approach is general and self-contained, working well for different filtering kernels, Reynolds numbers and grid resolutions.