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Mechanisms of dynamic wetting failure in the presence of soluble surfactants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2017

Chen-Yu Liu ,
Marcio S. Carvalho Open the ORCID record for Marcio S. Carvalho [Opens in a new window]  and
Satish Kumar Open the ORCID record for Satish Kumar [Opens in a new window]
Chen-Yu Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Marcio S. Carvalho*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-041, Brazil
Satish Kumar*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
*
†Email addresses for correspondence: kumar030@umn.edu, msc@puc-rio.br
†Email addresses for correspondence: kumar030@umn.edu, msc@puc-rio.br
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Abstract

A hydrodynamic model and flow visualization experiments are used to understand the mechanisms through which soluble surfactants can influence the onset of dynamic wetting failure. In the model, a Newtonian liquid displaces air in a rectangular channel in the absence of inertia. A Navier-slip boundary condition and constant contact angle are used to describe the dynamic contact line, and surfactants are allowed to adsorb to the interface and moving channel wall (substrate). The Galerkin finite element method is used to calculate steady states and identify the critical capillary number $Ca^{crit}$ at which wetting failure occurs. It is found that surfactant solubility weakens the influence of Marangoni stresses, which tend to promote the onset of wetting failure. Adsorption of surfactants to the substrate can delay the onset of wetting failure due to the emergence of Marangoni stresses that thicken the air film near the dynamic contact line. The experiments indicate that $Ca^{crit}$ increases with surfactant concentration. For the more viscous solutions used, this behaviour can largely be explained by accounting for changes to the mean surface tension and static contact angle produced by surfactants. For the lowest-viscosity solution used, comparison between the model predictions and experimental observations suggests that other surfactant-induced phenomena such as Marangoni stresses may play a more important role.

JFM classification

Materials Processing Flows: Coating Interfacial Flows (free surface): Contact lines Interfacial Flows (free surface): Interfacial Flows (free surface)
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 825 , 25 August 2017 , pp. 677 - 703
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© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

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