Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-bt4hw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T23:20:42.631Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The application of laser-induced Rayleigh light scattering to the study of turbulent mixing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2006

William M. Pitts  and
Takashi Kashiwagi
William M. Pitts
Affiliation:
Center for Fire Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
Takashi Kashiwagi
Affiliation:
Center for Fire Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This work describes the development and characterization of an experimental system employing laser-induced Rayleigh light scattering with digital data acquisition as a time-resolved quantitative concentration probe in the turbulent flow field of a binary gas mixture. Equations for the expected signal and noise levels are given. Estimates of these parameters for the experimental system used here are in satisfactory agreement with experiment. It is demonstrated that the laser Rayleigh-light-scattering technique provides measurements having high spatial and temporal resolution for various locations within the concentration flow field. Measurements at various positions in the flow field of an axisymmetric methane jet issuing into a slow flow of air are reported and, where possible, compared with appropriate literature results. The statistical properties of the turbulent concentration fluctuations are found to be in good agreement with other independent measurements. Conditionally sampled measurements are also reported and shown to behave in the same manner as the limited number of similar measurements in the literature. The capability of calculating power spectra and correlation functions for the time behaviour of the methane concentration is also demonstrated. Raman and Rayleigh scattering techniques are compared as measurement techniques of scalar values in turbulent flow fields.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 141 , April 1984 , pp. 391 - 429
Copyright
© 1984 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Antonia, R. A., Prabhu, A. & Stephenson, S. E. 1975 Conditionally sampled measurements in a heated turbulent jet. J. Fluid Mech. 72, 455–480.Google Scholar
Becker, H. A., Hottel, H. C. & Williams, G. C. 1965 Concentration intermittency in jets. In Proc. 10th Symp. (Intl) on Combustion, pp. 1253–1263. Combustion Institute.
Becker, H. A., Hottel, H. C. & Williams, G. C. 1967a On the light scatter technique for the study of turbulence and mixing. J. Fluid Mech. 30, 259–284.Google Scholar
Becker, H. A., Hottel, H. C. & Williams, G. C. 1967b The nozzle-fluid concentration of the round, turbulent, free jet. J. Fluid Mech. 30, 285–303.Google Scholar
Bill, R. G., Namer, I., Talbot, L., Cheng, R. K. & Robben, F. 1981 Flame propagation in grid-induced turbulence. Combust. Flame 43, 229–242.Google Scholar
Birch, A. D., Brown, D. R., Dodson, M. G. & Thomas, J. R. 1978 The turbulent concentration field of a methane jet. J. Fluid Mech. 88, 431–449.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, P. 1966 The effect of initial conditions on the development of a free shear layer. J. Fluid Mech. 26, 225–236.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, P. 1971 An Introduction to Turbulence and Its Measurement. Pergamon.
Cheng, R. K., Bill, R. G. & Robben, F. 1981 Experimental study of combustion in a turbulent boundary layer. In Proc. 18th Symp. (Intl) on Combustion, pp. 1021–1029. Combustion Institute.
Chevray, R. & Tutu, N. K. 1978 Intermittency and preferential transport of heat in a round jet. J. Fluid Mech. 88, 133–160.Google Scholar
Cooley, J. W. & Tukey, J. W. 1965 An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series. Math. Comput. 19, 297–301.Google Scholar
Dibble, R. W. & Hollenbach, R. E. 1981 Laser thermometry in turbulent flames. In Proc. 18th Symp. (Intl) on Combustion, pp. 1489–1499. Combustion Institute.
Dibble, R. W., Hollenbach, R. E. & Rambach, G. D. 1980 Temperature measurement in turbulent flames via Rayleigh scattering. In Laser Probes for Combustion Chemistry (ed. D. R. Crosley), pp. 435–441. American Chemical Society.
Dyer, T. M. 1979 Rayleigh scattering measurements of time-resolved concentration in a turbulent propane jet. AIAA J. 17, 912–914.Google Scholar
Ebrahimi, I. & Kleine, R. 1977a The nozzle fluid concentration fluctuation field in round turbulent free jets and jet diffusion flames. In Proc. 16th Symp. (Intl) on Combustion. pp. 1711–1723. Combustion Institute.
Ebrahimi, I. & Kleine, R. 1977b Konzentrationfelder in isothermen Luft-Freistrahlen. Forsch. Ing.-Wes. 43, 25–30.Google Scholar
Gibson, C. H., Chen, C. C. & Lin, S. C. 1968 Measurements of turbulent velocity and temperature fluctuations in the wake of a sphere. AIAA J. 6, 642–649.Google Scholar
Gibson, C. H., Friehe, C. A. & McConnell, S. O. 1977 Structure of sheared turbulent fields. Phys. Fluids Suppl. 20, S156–S167.Google Scholar
Goldschmidt, V. W., Mulej, D. & Ajagu, C. O. 1979 The velocity of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in a plane jet. In Proc. 5th Symp. on Turbulence (ed. J. L. Zakin), pp. 427–434. Science Press.
Gouldin, F. C. & Dandekar, K. V. 1982 Time resolved density measurements in premixed turbulent flames. AIAA Paper 82-0036.Google Scholar
Graham, S. C., Grant, A. J. & Jones, J. M. 1974 Transient molecular concentration measurements in turbulent flows using Rayleigh light scattering. AIAA J. 12, 1140–1142.Google Scholar
Konrad, J. H. 1976 An experimental investigation of mixing in two-dimensional shear flows with applications to diffusion-limited chemical reactions. Project SQUID Tech. Rep. CIT-8-PU.Google Scholar
Landolt-Börnstein 1962 Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik, und Technik, II. Band. 8. Teil, Optische Konstanten. Springer.
Lockwood, F. C. & Moneib, H. A. 1980 Fluctuating temperature measurements in a heated round free jet. Combust. Sci. Tech. 22, 63–81.Google Scholar
Long, M. B., Chu, B. T. & Chang, R. K. 1981 Instantaneous two-dimensional gas concentration measurements by light scattering. AIAA J. 19, 1151–1157.Google Scholar
McCartney, E. J. 1976 Optics of the Atmosphere. Wiley.
Müller-Dethlefs, K. & Weinberg, F. J. 1979 Burning velocity measurements based on laser Rayleigh scattering. In Proc. 17th Symp. (Intl) on Combustion, pp. 985–992. Combustion Institute.
Peterson, C. W. 1979 A survey of the utilitarian aspects of advanced flowfield diagnostic techniques. AIAA J. 17, 1352–1360.Google Scholar
Pike, E. R. 1969 Photon statistics. Riv. Nuovo Cim. 1 (Numero Speciale), 277–314.Google Scholar
Pitts, W. M. & Kashiwagi, T. K. 1983 The application of laser-induced Rayleigh scattering to the study of turbulent mixing. Natl Bur. Stand. Internal Rep. NBSIR 83-2641.Google Scholar
Pitz, R. W., Cattolica, R., Robben, F. & Talbot, F. 1976 Temperature and density in a hydrogen-air flame from Rayleigh scattering. Combust. Flame 27, 313–320.Google Scholar
Robben, F. 1975 Comparison of density and temperature measurement using Raman scattering and Rayleigh scattering. In Combustion Measurements in Jet Propulsion systems: Proc. Project SQUID Workshop, Purdue University, 22–23 May 1975 (ed. R. Goulard), pp. 179–195.
Santoro, R. J., Semerjian, H. G., Emmerman, P. J. & Goulard, R. 1981 Optical tomography for flow field diagnostics. Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer 24, 1139–1150.Google Scholar
Schon, J. P. & Charnay, G. 1977 Conditional sampling. In Masurement of Unsteady Fluid Dynamic Phenomena (ed. B. E. Richards), pp. 291–325. Hemisphere.
Shaughnessy, E. J. & Morton, J. B. 1977 Laser light-scattering measurements of particle concentration in a turbulent jet. J. Fluid Mech. 80, 129–148.Google Scholar
Sreenivasan, K. R. & Tavoularis, S. 1980 On the skewness of the temperature derivative in turbulent flows. J. Fluid Mech. 101, 783–795.Google Scholar
Thring, M. W. & Newby, M. P. 1953 Combustion length of enclosed turbulent jet flames. In Proc. 4th Symp. (Intl) on Combustion, pp. 789–796. Standing Committee on Combustion.
Way, J. & Libby, P. A. 1971 Application of hot-wire anemometry and digital techniques to measurements in a turbulent helium jet. AIAA J. 9, 1567–1573.Google Scholar
Webber, B. F., Long, M. B. & Chang, R. K. 1979 Two-dimensional average concentration measurements in a jet flow by Raman scattering. Appl. Phys. Lett. 35, 119–121.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. A. M. & Danckwerts, P. V. 1964 Studies in turbulent mixing - II. A hot jet. Chem. Engng Sci. 19, 885–895.Google Scholar
Wygnanski, I. & Fiedler, H. 1969 Some measurements in the self-preserving jet. J. Fluid Mech. 38, 577–612.Google Scholar