Hostname: page-component-6bb9c88b65-fsdjw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-07-22T18:30:36.987Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Direct numerical simulation of pattern formation in subaqueous sediment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2014

Aman G. Kidanemariam  and
Markus Uhlmann
Aman G. Kidanemariam
Affiliation:
Institute for Hydromechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Markus Uhlmann*
Affiliation:
Institute for Hydromechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
*
†Email address for correspondence: markus.uhlmann@kit.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We present results of direct numerical simulation of incompressible fluid flow over a thick bed of mobile spherically shaped particles. The algorithm is based upon the immersed-boundary technique for fluid–solid coupling and uses a soft-sphere model for the solid–solid contact. Two parameter points in the laminar flow regime are chosen, leading to the emergence of sediment patterns classified as ‘small dunes’, while one case under turbulent flow conditions leads to ‘vortex dunes’ with significant flow separation on the lee side. The wavelength, amplitude and propagation speed of the patterns extracted from the spanwise-averaged fluid–bed interface are found to be consistent with available experimental data. The particle transport rates are well represented by available empirical models for flow over a plane sediment bed in both the laminar and the turbulent regimes.

JFM classification

Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows Geophysical and Geological Flows: Sediment transport Turbulent Flows: Turbulent Flows

Information

Type
Rapids
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 750 , 10 July 2014 , R2
Copyright
© 2014 Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Betat, A., Kruelle, C. A., Frette, V. & Rehberg, I. 2002 Long-time behavior of sand ripples induced by water shear flow. Eur. Phys. J. E 8 (5), 465–476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan-Braun, C., García-Villalba, M. & Uhlmann, M. 2011 Force and torque acting on particles in a transitionally rough open-channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 684, 441–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charru, F. 2006 Selection of the ripple length on a granular bed sheared by a liquid flow. Phys. Fluids 18 (12), 121508.Google Scholar
Charru, F. & Hinch, E. J. 2006 Ripple formation on a particle bed sheared by a viscous liquid. Part 1. Steady flow. J. Fluid Mech. 550, 111–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charru, F. & Mouilleron-Arnould, H. 2002 Instability of a bed of particles sheared by a viscous flow. J. Fluid Mech. 452, 303–323.Google Scholar
Coleman, S., Fedele, J. & García, M. 2003 Closed-conduit bed-form initiation and development. J. Hydraul. Engng 129 (12), 956–965.Google Scholar
Coleman, S. E. & Melville, B. W. 1994 Bed-form development. J. Hydraul. Engng 120 (4), 544–560.Google Scholar
Coleman, S. E. & Nikora, V. I. 2009 Bed and flow dynamics leading to sediment-wave initiation. Water Resour. Res. 45 (4), W04402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colombini, M. 2004 Revisiting the linear theory of sand dune formation. J. Fluid Mech. 502, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colombini, M. & Stocchino, A. 2011 Ripple and dune formation in rivers. J. Fluid Mech. 673, 121–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engelund, F. & Fredsoe, J. 1982 Sediment ripples and dunes. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 14 (1), 13–37.Google Scholar
García-Villalba, M., Kidanemariam, A. G. & Uhlmann, M. 2012 DNS of vertical plane channel flow with finite-size particles: Voronoi analysis, acceleration statistics and particle-conditioned averaging. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 46, 54–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, J. F. 1963 The mechanics of dunes and antidunes in erodible-bed channels. J. Fluid Mech. 16 (4), 521–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kidanemariam, A. G., Chan-Braun, C., Doychev, T. & Uhlmann, M. 2013 Direct numerical simulation of horizontal open channel flow with finite-size, heavy particles at low solid volume fraction. New J. Phys. 15 (2), 025031.Google Scholar
Kidanemariam, A. G. & Uhlmann, M. 2014 Interface-resolved direct numerical simulation of the erosion of a sediment bed sheared by laminar flow. Intl J. Multiphase Flow (submitted).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langlois, V. & Valance, A. 2007 Initiation and evolution of current ripples on a flat sand bed under turbulent water flow. Eur. Phys. J. E 22 (3), 201–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meyer-Peter, E. & Müller, R. 1948 Formulas for bed-load transport. In Proceedings of 2nd Meeting, pp. 39–64. IAHR, Stockholm, Sweden.Google Scholar
Ouriemi, M., Aussillous, P. & Guazzelli, É. 2009 Sediment dynamics. Part 2. Dune formation in pipe flow. J. Fluid Mech. 636, 295–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raudkivi, A. J. 1997 Ripples on stream bed. J. Hydraul. Engng 123 (1), 58–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, K. J. 1980 The formation of ripples and dunes on an erodible bed. J. Fluid Mech. 99 (3), 597–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumer, B. M. & Bakioglu, M. 1984 On the formation of ripples on an erodible bed. J. Fluid Mech. 144, 177–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhlmann, M. 2005 An immersed boundary method with direct forcing for the simulation of particulate flows. J. Comput. Phys. 209 (2), 448–476.Google Scholar
Uhlmann, M. 2008 Interface-resolved direct numerical simulation of vertical particulate channel flow in the turbulent regime. Phys. Fluids 20 (5), 053305.Google Scholar
Uhlmann, M. & Dušek, J. 2014 The motion of a single heavy sphere in ambient fluid: a benchmark for interface-resolved particulate flow simulations with significant relative velocities. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 59, 221–243.Google Scholar
Wong, M. & Parker, G. 2006 Reanalysis and correction of bed-load relation of Meyer–Peter and Müller using their own database. J. Hydraul. Engng 132 (11), 1159–1168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kidanemariam and Uhlmann supplementary movie

Animation of the particle motion in Case TO1. In the top view particles are colored according to their vertical distance (increasing from blue to red). The two other views show a streamwise/wall-normal projection of the central region (indicated by the dashed lines in the top view) with two different fields of vision.

Download Kidanemariam and Uhlmann supplementary movie(Video)
Video 10.2 MB

Kidanemariam and Uhlmann supplementary movie

Animation of the particle motion in Case TO1 - Part 2.

Download Kidanemariam and Uhlmann supplementary movie(Video)
Video 10.2 MB

Kidanemariam and Uhlmann supplementary movie

Animation of the particle motion in Case TO1 - Part 3

Download Kidanemariam and Uhlmann supplementary movie(Video)
Video 10.2 MB

Kidanemariam and Uhlmann supplementary movie

Animation of the particle motion in Case TO1 - Part 4.

Download Kidanemariam and Uhlmann supplementary movie(Video)
Video 10.1 MB