No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Field-induced macroscopic flow of a dilute self-assembling magnetic colloid under rotating magnetic fields
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 February 2024
Abstract
Flow generation by colloidal motors activated by external stimuli is an important issue for active matter physics and several nanotechnological or biomedical applications. For instance, flow recirculation generated by rotating magnetic self-assemblies allows effective ‘pumping’ of a thrombolytic drug towards a blood clot along a blocked vessel. However, the physics of the flow generation in this case remains still poorly explored. This study is focused on the generation of a recirculation flow of a magnetic colloid (aqueous suspension of iron oxide nanoparticles with partially screened electrostatic repulsion) within a closed microfluidic channel via application of an external rotating magnetic field. The colloid undergoes reversible phase separation manifested through the appearance of micron-sized elongated aggregates. They synchronously rotate with the magnetic field and can generate macroscopic flows only in the presence of gradients of the aggregate concentration across the channel induced by superposition of a weak magnetic field gradient to the homogeneous rotating field. We achieve recirculation flows with a characteristic speed 
${\sim} 5{-}8\;{\rm \mu}\textrm{m}\;{\textrm{s}^{ - \textrm{1}}}$ at low magnetic field amplitude and frequency (
${H_0} \approx 3{-}10\;\textrm{kA}\;{\textrm{m}^{ - 1}}$, 
${f = 5{-}15\ \textrm{Hz}}$) at low nanoparticle volume fraction 
${\varphi _p} = (1.6{-}3.2) \times {10^{ - 3}}$. The concentration and velocity profiles have been assessed experimentally through particle tracking and particle image velocimetry, and have also been computed using the hydrodynamic diffusion approach coupled with the momentum balance equation with a magnetic torque term. The model correctly reproduces the shape of the experimental concentration and velocity fields and explains complex behaviours of the average recirculation speed as a function of governing parameters (
${H_0}$, f, 
${\varphi _p}$, channel size).
- Type
- JFM Papers
- Information
- Copyright
- © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press
References
Bashtovoi, V.G., Berkovsky, B.M. & Vislovich, A.N. 1988 An Introduction to Thermomechanics of Magnetic Fluids. Hemisphere Publishing.Google Scholar
Bente, K., Bakenecker, A.C., von Gladiss, A., Bachmann, F., Cbers, A., Buzug, T.M. & Faivre, D. 2021 Selective actuation and tomographic imaging of swarming magnetite nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 4 (7), 6752–6759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, J.F. 2011 Particle motion driven by solute gradients with application to autonomous motion: continuum and colloidal perspectives. J. Fluid Mech. 667, 216–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brenner, H. 1974 Rheology of a dilute suspension of axisymmetric Brownian particles. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 1 (2), 195–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cebers, A., Lemaire, E. & Lobry, L. 2002 Flow modification induced by Quincke rotation in a capillary. Intl J. Mod. Phys. B 16 (17 & 18), 2603–2609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaves, A., Rinaldi, C., Elborai, S., He, X. & Zahn, M. 2006 Bulk flow in ferrofluids in a uniform rotating magnetic field. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (19), 194501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, X., Zhou, C. & Wang, W. 2019 Colloidal motors 101: a beginner's guide to colloidal motor research. Chemistry 14 (14), 2388–2405.Google ScholarPubMed
Cheng, R., Huang, W., Huang, L., Yang, B., Mao, L., Jin, K., ZhuGe, Q. & Zhao, Y. 2014 Acceleration of tissue plasminogen activator-mediated thrombolysis by magnetically powered nanomotors. ACS Nano 8 (8), 7746–7754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiang, T.Y. & Velegol, D. 2014 Localized electroosmosis (LEO) induced by spherical colloidal motors. Langmuir 30 (10), 2600–2607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chirikov, D., Zubarev, A., Kuzhir, P., Raboisson-Michel, M. & Verger-Dubois, G. 2022 To the theory of magnetically induced flow in a ferrofluid cloud: effect of the cloud initial shape. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 231, 1187–1194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clements, M.J. 2016 A mathematical model for magnetically assisted delivery of thrombolytics in occluded blood vessels for ischemic stroke treatment. Doctoral dissertation, Texas University.Google Scholar
Cornish, R.J. 1928 Flow in a pipe of rectangular cross-section. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 120 (786), 691–700.Google Scholar
Creighton, F.M. 2012 Magnetic-based systems for treating occluded vessels. U.S. Patent No. 8,308,628.Google Scholar
Creighton, F.M., Sabo, M., Null, C., Epplin, G. & Wachtman, J.C. 2015 Magnetc-based systems and methods for manipulation of magnetic particles. U.S. Patent No. 9,883,878.Google Scholar
Drew, D.A. & Lahey, R.T. 1993 Analytical modeling of multiphase flow. In Particulate Two-Phase Flows (ed. M.C. Roco). Butterworth-Heinemann.Google Scholar
Ezzaier, H., Alves Marins, J., Razvin, I., Abbas, M., Ben Haj Amara, A., Zubarev, A. & Kuzhir, P. 2017 Two-stage kinetics of field-induced aggregation of medium-sized magnetic nanoparticles. J. Chem. Phys. 146 (11), 114902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ezzaier, H., Marins, J.A., Claudet, C., Hemery, G., Sandre, O. & Kuzhir, P. 2018 Kinetics of aggregation and magnetic separation of multicore iron oxide nanoparticles: effect of the grafted layer thickness. Nanomaterials 8, 623.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gabayno, J.L.F., Liu, D.W., Chang, M. & Lin, Y.H. 2015 Controlled manipulation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an oscillating magnetic field for fast ablation of microchannel occlusion. Nanoscale 7, 3947–3953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, D.A. & Ebbens, S.J. 2018 Symmetrical catalytically active colloids collectively induce convective flow. Langmuir 34 (14), 4307–4313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hsu, R. & Ganatos, P. 1989 The motion of a rigid body in viscous fluid bounded by a plane wall. J. Fluid Mech. 207, 29–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, R. & Ganatos, P. 1994 Gravitational and zero-drag motion of a spheroid adjacent to an inclined plane at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 268, 267–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lebedev, A.V. & Pshenichnikov, A.F. 1991 Motion of a magnetic fluid in a rotating magnetic field. Magnetohydrodynamics 27 (1), 7–12.Google Scholar
Li, Q., Liu, X. & Chang, M. & Lu, Z. 2018 Thrombolysis enhancing by magnetic manipulation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Materials 11, 2313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
López-López, M.T., Kuzhir, P., Durán, J.D. & Bossis, G. 2010 Normal stresses in a shear flow of magnetorheological suspensions: viscoelastic versus Maxwell stresses. J. Rheol. 54 (5), 1119–1136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, J.E. 2009 Theory of strong intrinsic mixing of particle suspensions in vortex magnetic fields. Phys. Rev. E 79 (1), 011503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, J.E. 2013 A resonant biaxial Helmholtz coil employing a fractal capacitor bank. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84 (9), 094704.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, J.E. & Snezhko, A. 2013 Driving self-assembly and emergent dynamics in colloidal suspensions by time-dependent magnetic fields. Rep. Prog. Phys. 76 (12), 126601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, J.E. & Solis, K.J. 2015 Fully alternating, triaxial electric or magnetic fields offer new routes to fluid vorticity. Soft Matter 11 (2), 241–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martínez-Pedrero, F. & Tierno, P. 2018 Advances in colloidal manipulation and transport via hydrodynamic interactions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 519, 296–311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melle, S. & Martin, J.E. 2003 Chain model of a magnetorheological suspension in a rotating field. J. Chem. Phys. 118 (21), 9875–9881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, W.H. & Spagnolie, S.E. 2015 Sedimentation of spheroidal bodies near walls in viscous fluids: glancing, reversing, tumbling and sliding. J. Fluid Mech. 772, 600–629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moran, J.L. & Posner, J.D. 2011 Electrokinetic locomotion due to reaction-induced charge auto-electrophoresis. J. Fluid Mech. 680, 31–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, J.F. & Boulay, F. 1999 Curvilinear flows of noncolloidal suspensions: the role of normal stresses. J. Rheol. 43 (5), 1213–1237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musickhin, A., Yu Zubarev, A., Raboisson-Michel, M., Verger-Dubois, G. & Kuzhir, P. 2020 Field-induced circulation flow in magnetic fluids. Phil. Trans. R. Soc A 378 (2171), 20190250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nguyen, J., Nishimura, N., Fetcho, R.N., Iadecola, C. & Schaffer, C.B. 2011 Occlusion of cortical ascending venules causes blood flow decreases, reversals in flow direction, and vessel dilation in upstream capillaries. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 31, 2243–2254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nicolai, H., Herzhaft, B., Hinch, E.J., Oger, L. & Guazzelli, E. 1995 Particle velocity fluctuations and hydrodynamic self-diffusion of sedimenting non-Brownian spheres. Phys. Fluids 7 (1), 12–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishimura, N., Rosidi, N.L., Iadecola, C. & Schaffer, C.B. 2010 Limitations of collateral flow after occlusion of a single cortical penetrating arteriole. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 30, 1914–1927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nott, P.R. & Brady, J.F. 1994 Pressure-driven flow of suspensions: simulation and theory. J. Fluid Mech. 275, 157–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pernal, S.P., Willis, A.J., Sabo, M.E., Moore, L.M., Olson, S.T., Morris, S.C., Creighton, F.M. & Engelhard, H.H. 2020 An in vitro model system for evaluating remote magnetic nanoparticle movement and fibrinolysis. Intl J. Nanomed. 15, 1549–1568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitaevskii, L.P. & Lifshitz, E.M. 2012 Physical Kinetics, vol. 10. Butterworth-Heinemann.Google Scholar
Pshenichnikov, A.F., Lebedev, A.V. & Shliomis, M.I. 2000 On the rotational effect in nonuniform magnetic fluids. Magnetohydrodynamics 36 (4), 275–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Queiros Campos, J., Boulares, M., Raboisson-Michel, M., Verger-Dubois, G., García Fernández, J.M., Godeau, G. & Kuzhir, P. 2021 Improved magneto-microfluidic separation of nanoparticles through formation of the β-cyclodextrin–curcumin inclusion complex. Langmuir 37 (49), 14345–14359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raboisson-Michel, M., Queiros Campos, J., Schaub, S., Zubarev, A., Verger-Dubois, G. & Kuzhir, P. 2020 Kinetics of field-induced phase separation of a magnetic colloid under rotating magnetic fields. J. Chem. Phys. 153 (15), 154902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raffel, M., Willert, C.E., Scarano, F., Kähler, C.J., Wereley, S.T. & Kompenhans, J. 2018 Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide. Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandre, O., Browaeys, J., Perzynski, R., Bacri, J.C., Cabuil, V. & Rosensweig, R.E. 1999 Assembly of microscopic highly magnetic droplets: magnetic alignment versus viscous drag. Phys. Rev. E 59 (2), 1736–1746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shliomis, M.I. 2021 How a rotating magnetic field causes ferrofluid to rotate. Phys. Rev. Fluids 6 (4), 043701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sing, C.E., Schmid, L., Schneider, M.F., Franke, T. & Alexander-Katz, A. 2010 Controlled surface-induced flows from the motion of self-assembled colloidal walkers. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 107 (2), 535–540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snook, B. 2015 The dynamics of the microstructure and the rheology in suspensions of rigid particles. PhD thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.Google Scholar
Stikuts, A.P., Perzynski, R. & Cebers, A. 2020 Spontaneous order in ensembles of rotating magnetic droplets. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 500, 166304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talbot, D. et al. 2021 Adsorption of organic dyes on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Part I. Mechanisms and adsorption-induced nanoparticle agglomeration. ACS Omega 6, 19086−19098.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thielicke, W. & Sonntag, R. 2021 Particle image velocimetry for MATLAB: accuracy and enhanced algorithms in PIVlab. J. Open Res. Softw. 9 (1), 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsebers, A.O. 1975 Interfacial stresses in the hydrodynamics of liquids with internal rotation. Magnetohydrodynamics 11 (1), 63–65.Google Scholar
Wang, W., Duan, W., Ahmed, S., Sen, A. & Mallouk, T.E. 2015 From one to many: dynamic assembly and collective behavior of self-propelled colloidal motors. Acc. Chem. Res. 48 (7), 1938–1946.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willis, A.J., Pernal, S.P., Gaertner, Z.A., Lakka, S.S., Sabo, M.E., Creighton, F.M. & Engelhard, H.H. 2020 Rotating magnetic nanoparticle clusters as microdevices for drug delivery. Intl J. Nanomed. 15, 4105–4123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zaitsev, V.M. & Shliomis, M.I. 1969 Entrainment of ferromagnetic suspension by a rotating field. J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys. 10 (5), 696–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, Z., Xu, X., Wang, Y. & Han, Y. 2022 Hydrodynamic couplings of colloidal ellipsoids diffusing in channels. J. Fluid Mech. 933, A40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zirnsak, M.A., Hur, D.U. & Boger, D.V. 1994 Normal stresses in fibre suspensions. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 54, 153–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zubarev, A.Y., Chirikov, D., Musikhin, A., Raboisson-Michel, M., Verger-Dubois, G. & Kuzhir, P. 2021 Nonlinear theory of macroscopic flow induced in a drop of ferrofluid. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 379 (2205), 20200323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Queiros Campos et al. supplementary movie 1
Recirculation flow along a microfluidic channel. The applied magnetic field rotates in a clockwise direction and the magnetic field gradient is oriented upwards, in agreement with notations of the snapshot in Fig.2.
File
18.8 MB