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Flow complexity in open systems: interlacing complexity index based on mutual information

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2017

Jose M. Pozo Open the ORCID record for Jose M. Pozo [Opens in a new window] ,
Arjan J. Geers ,
Maria-Cruz Villa-Uriol  and
Alejandro F. Frangi
Jose M. Pozo*
Affiliation:
CISTIB Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
Arjan J. Geers
Affiliation:
CISTIB Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Tànger, 122-140, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
Maria-Cruz Villa-Uriol
Affiliation:
CISTIB Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
Alejandro F. Frangi
Affiliation:
CISTIB Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: j.pozo@sheffield.ac.uk
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Abstract

Flow complexity is related to a number of phenomena in science and engineering and has been approached from the perspective of chaotic dynamical systems, ergodic processes or mixing of fluids, just to name a few. To the best of our knowledge, all existing methods to quantify flow complexity are only valid for infinite time evolution, for closed systems or for mixing of two substances. We introduce an index of flow complexity coined interlacing complexity index (ICI), valid for a single-phase flow in an open system with inlet and outlet regions, involving finite times. ICI is based on Shannon’s mutual information (MI), and inspired by an analogy between inlet–outlet open flow systems and communication systems in communication theory. The roles of transmitter, receiver and communication channel are played, respectively, by the inlet, the outlet and the flow transport between them. A perfectly laminar flow in a straight tube can be compared to an ideal communication channel where the transmitted and received messages are identical and hence the MI between input and output is maximal. For more complex flows, generated by more intricate conditions or geometries, the ability to discriminate the outlet position by knowing the inlet position is decreased, reducing the corresponding MI. The behaviour of the ICI has been tested with numerical experiments on diverse flows cases. The results indicate that the ICI provides a sensitive complexity measure with intuitive interpretation in a diversity of conditions and in agreement with other observations, such as Dean vortices and subjective visual assessments. As a crucial component of the ICI formulation, we also introduce the natural distribution of streamlines and the natural distribution of world-lines, with invariance properties with respect to the cross-section used to parameterize them, valid for any type of mass-preserving flow.

JFM classification

Biological Fluid Dynamics: Blood flow Mixing: Chaotic advection Mixing: Mixing
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 825 , 25 August 2017 , pp. 704 - 742
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© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

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