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Generation and characterization of fully developed state in open channel flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2022

S. Das Open the ORCID record for S. Das [Opens in a new window] ,
R. Balachandar Open the ORCID record for R. Balachandar [Opens in a new window]  and
R.M. Barron Open the ORCID record for R.M. Barron [Opens in a new window]
S. Das
Affiliation:
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
R. Balachandar
Affiliation:
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
R.M. Barron*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
*
† Email address for correspondence: az3@uwindsor.ca
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Abstract

A fully developed approach flow is necessary in open channel studies to maintain commonality among datasets obtained from different facilities. Two-component planar particle image velocimetry is used to study the characteristics of fully developed smooth open channel flow at a constant Reynolds number of 3.9 × 104 based on the maximum velocity and flow depth. The near-bed boundary layer is tripped to achieve a fully developed state and compared with the under- and over-tripped cases. The Reynolds stresses and higher-order moments are used as indicators to establish the fully developed state. Flow properties are explored by identifying uniform momentum zones (UMZs) using the probability density function of streamwise velocities. The instances are grouped based on the number of UMZs (NUMZ) and conditional averaging of flow variables of each group is used to evaluate the difference in flow properties between the developed and the developing flow. Large-scale ejections are found in the logarithmic layer when NUMZ is higher, whereas a lower number indicates the existence of large-scale sweeping motions. The distribution of the conditionally averaged ratio of the shear contribution from ejections and sweeps and velocity deficits shows a vertical variability in the fully developed state. The large-scale and pointwise quadrant events are used simultaneously to depict variability in inner flow properties between developing and fully developed flow which cannot be recognized in the mean flow characteristics. The sweep events have much higher shear generation in the outer flow in the fully developed state whereas the shear stress contribution from ejection is lower than that in developing flow.

JFM classification

Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers Waves/Free-surface Flows: Hydraulics Waves/Free-surface Flows: Channel flow

Information

Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 934 , 10 March 2022 , A35
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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