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Hydrodynamics and scaling laws for intermittent S-start swimming

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2024

Dewu Yang Open the ORCID record for Dewu Yang [Opens in a new window] ,
Jie Wu Open the ORCID record for Jie Wu [Opens in a new window] ,
Kaustubh Khedkar Open the ORCID record for Kaustubh Khedkar [Opens in a new window] ,
Li-Ming Chao Open the ORCID record for Li-Ming Chao [Opens in a new window]  and
Amneet Pal Singh Bhalla Open the ORCID record for Amneet Pal Singh Bhalla [Opens in a new window]
Dewu Yang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Unsteady Aerodynamics and Flow Control, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Aerodynamics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
Jie Wu*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Unsteady Aerodynamics and Flow Control, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Aerodynamics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China
Kaustubh Khedkar
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
Li-Ming Chao*
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
Amneet Pal Singh Bhalla*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
*
†Email addresses for correspondence: wuj@nuaa.edu.cn, chaoliming92@gmail.com, asbhalla@sdsu.edu
†Email addresses for correspondence: wuj@nuaa.edu.cn, chaoliming92@gmail.com, asbhalla@sdsu.edu
†Email addresses for correspondence: wuj@nuaa.edu.cn, chaoliming92@gmail.com, asbhalla@sdsu.edu
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Abstract

The hydrodynamics of a self-propelling swimmer undergoing intermittent S-start swimming are investigated extensively with varying duty cycle $DC$, swimming period $T$, and tailbeat amplitude $A$. We find that the steady time-averaged swimming speed $\bar {U}_x$ increases directly with $A$, but varies inversely with $DC$ and $T$, where there is a maximal improvement of $541.29\,\%$ over continuous cruising swimming. Our results reveal two scaling laws, in the form of input versus output relations, that relate the swimmer's kinematics to its hydrodynamic performance: swimming speed and efficiency. A smaller $DC$ causes increased fluctuations in the swimmer's velocity generation. A larger $A$, on the other hand, allows the swimmer to reach steady swimming more quickly. Although we set out to determine scaling laws for intermittent S-start swimming, these scaling laws extend naturally to burst-and-coast and continuous modes of swimming. Additionally, we have identified, categorized and linked the wake structures produced by intermittent S-start swimmers with their velocity generation.

JFM classification

Biological Fluid Dynamics: Swimming/flying
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 984 , 10 April 2024 , A2
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Supplementary material: File

Yang et al. supplementary movie

Comparison between the swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae using the S-start swimming and continuous swimming pattern.
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