The interface between two miscible fluids which have identical mechanical properties but disparate electrical conductivities and are stressed by an equilibrium tangential electric field is studied experimentally and theoretically. A bulk-coupled electrohydrodynamic instability associated with the diffusive distribution of fluid conductivity at the interface is experimentally observed.

The configuration is modelled using a layer of exponentially varying conductivity spliced on each surface to a constant-conductivity fluid half-space. Over-stable (propagating) modes are discovered and characterized in terms of the complex growth rate and fastest growing wavenumber, with the conductivity ratio and an inertia-viscosity time-constant ratio as parameters. In the low inertia limit, growth rates are governed by the electric-viscous time τ = η/εE2. Instability is found also with the layer of varying conductivity bounded by rigid equipotential walls. A physical mechanism leading to theoretically determined fluid streamlines in the form of propagating cells is described.

At relatively high electric fields, large-scale mixing of the fluid components is observed. Photocell measurements of distributions of average fluid properties demonstrate evolution in time on a scale determined by τ.