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Intrusive gravity currents propagating along thin and thick interfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2007

BRUCE R. SUTHERLAND  and
JOSHUA T. NAULT
BRUCE R. SUTHERLAND
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaT6G 2G1
JOSHUA T. NAULT
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaT6G 2G1
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Abstract

Inviscid gravity currents released from a finite-length lock are known to propagate at a constant speed to a predicted finite distance before decelerating. By extension this should occur in a two-layer fluid with equal upper- and lower-layer depths for an intrusion having the average density of the ambient. The experiments presented here show this is not necessarily the case. The finite-depth thickness of the interface non-negligibly influences the evolution of the intrusion so that it propagates well beyond the predicted constant-speed limit; it propagates without decelerating beyond 22 lock lengths in a rectilinear geometry and beyond 6 lock radii in an axisymmetric geometry. Experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate that the intrusion speed decreases to half the two-layer speed in the circumstance in which the interface spans the domain. The corresponding long mode-2 interfacial wave speed increases rapidly with interfacial thickness, becoming comparable with the intrusion speed when the interfacial thickness is approximately one-quarter the domain height. For somewhat thinner interfacial thicknesses, the intrusion excites solitary waves that move faster than the long-wave speed. The coupling between intrusions and the waves they excite, together with reduced mixing of the current head, result in constant-speed propagation for longer times.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 586 , 10 September 2007 , pp. 109 - 118
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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