Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T05:25:25.868Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Laminar–turbulent transition and wave–turbulence interaction in stratified horizontal two-phase pipe flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 September 2015

M. Birvalski ,
M. J. Tummers ,
R. Delfos  and
R. A. W. M. Henkes
M. Birvalski
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Aero- and Hydrodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
M. J. Tummers*
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Aero- and Hydrodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
R. Delfos
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Aero- and Hydrodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
R. A. W. M. Henkes
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Aero- and Hydrodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands Shell Projects and Technology, 1031 HW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
*
†Email address for correspondence: m.j.tummers@tudelft.nl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Stratified cocurrent flow of air and water was studied experimentally in a 5 cm diameter horizontal pipe. The velocity in the liquid phase was measured using planar particle image velocimetry, and the instantaneous interfacial profile was recorded using a separate camera. The resulting velocity fields extended from the pipe wall to the wavy interface. The principal aims of the study were to investigate the laminar–turbulent transition of the liquid phase in stratified gas–liquid flow, and to explore the interaction between the transition process and the interfacial waves. The boundaries of transition were determined in both the smooth and the wavy region. The occurrence of waves had the effect of increasing the Reynolds numbers at the end of transition. On the other hand, the transition to turbulence caused a change from the ‘2D small-amplitude’ to the ‘3D small-amplitude’ wave pattern, which were seen to correspond to the capillary–gravity and gravity–capillary solutions of the dispersion relationship respectively. In light of this, the flowmap of the wavy region was recast into Weber number–Froude number coordinates, which provided a physical interpretation of the interaction between the developing turbulence and the changing wave patterns.

JFM classification

Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Gas/liquid flow Turbulent Flows: Turbulent transition
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 780 , 10 October 2015 , pp. 439 - 456
Check for updates
Copyright
© 2015 Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adrian, R. J. 2007 Hairpin vortex organization in wall turbulence. Phys. Fluids 19, 041301.Google Scholar
Adrian, R. J., Christensen, K. T. & Liu, Z.-C. 2000a Analysis and interpretation of instantaneous turbulent velocity fields. Exp. Fluids 29, 275–290.Google Scholar
Adrian, R. J., Meinhart, C. D. & Tomkins, C. D. 2000b Vortex organization in the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 422, 1–54.Google Scholar
Andritsos, N. & Hanratty, T. J. 1987 Interfacial instabilities for horizontal gas–liquid flows in pipelines. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 13 (5), 583–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnea, D., Shoham, O. & Taitel, Y. 1982 Flow pattern transition for downward inclined two phase flow; horizontal to vertical. Chem. Engng Sci. 37 (5), 735–740.Google Scholar
Birvalski, M., Tummers, M. J., Delfos, R. & Henkes, R. A. W. M.2013 PIV measurements of waves and turbulence in stratified horizontal two-phase pipe flow. In 10th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry, Delft, The Netherlands. Paper no. A099,uuid:0ac3cbb2-4259-46cd-8587-8b5ed4566581.Google Scholar
Birvalski, M., Tummers, M. J., Delfos, R. & Henkes, R. A. W. M. 2014 PIV measurements of waves and turbulence in stratified horizontal two-phase pipe flow. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 62, 161–173.Google Scholar
Bontozoglou, V. & Hanratty, T. J. 1990 Capillary–gravity Kelvin–Helmholtz waves close to resonance. J. Fluid Mech. 217, 71–91.Google Scholar
Brocchini, M. & Peregrine, D. H. 2001 The dynamics of strong turbulence at free surfaces. Part 1. Description. J. Fluid Mech. 449, 225–254.Google Scholar
Chakraborty, P., Balachandar, S. & Adrian, R. J. 2005 On the relationships between local vortex identification schemes. J. Fluid Mech. 535, 189–214.Google Scholar
Dean, R. G. & Dalrymple, R. A. 1998 Water Wave Mechanics for Engineers and Scientists. World Scientific.Google Scholar
Espedal, M.1998 An experimental investigation of stratified two-phase pipe flow at small inclinations. PhD thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.Google Scholar
Fernandino, M. & Ytrehus, T. 2006 Determination of flow sub-regimes in stratified air–water channel flow using LDV spectra. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 32 (4), 436–446.Google Scholar
Gonzales, R. C., Woods, R. E. & Eddins, S. L. 2009 Digital Image Processing using MATLAB, 2nd edn. Gatesmark Publishing.Google Scholar
Huang, Z.-C., Hwung, H.-H., Hsiao, S.-C. & Chang, K.-A. 2010 Laboratory observation of boundary layer flow under spilling breakers in surf zone using particle image velocimetry. Coast. Engng 57, 343–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussain, A. K. M. F. & Reynolds, W. C. 1970 The mechanics of an organized wave in turbulent shear flow. J. Fluid Mech. 41 (2), 241–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janssen, P. A. E. M. 1986 The period-doubling of gravity–capillary waves. J. Fluid Mech. 172, 531–546.Google Scholar
Law, C. N. S., Khoo, B. C. & Chew, T. C. 1999 Turbulence structure in the immediate vicinity of the shear-free air–water interface induced by a deeply submerged jet. Exp. Fluids 27, 321–331.Google Scholar
Lioumbas, J. S., Paras, S. V. & Karabelas, A. J. 2005 Co-current stratified gas–liquid downflow – influence of the liquid flow field on the interfacial structure. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 31, 869–896.Google Scholar
Mukto, M. A., Atmane, M. A. & Loewen, M. R. 2007 A particle-image based wave profile measurement technique. Exp. Fluids 42, 131–142.Google Scholar
Paras, S. V. & Karabelas, A. J. 1992 Measurements of local velocities inside thin liquid films in horizontal two-phase flow. Exp. Fluids 13, 190–198.Google Scholar
Peirson, W. L. 1997 Measurement of surface velocities and shears at a wavy air–water interface using particle image velocimetry. Exp. Fluids 23, 427–437.Google Scholar
Schlichting, H. 1979 Boundary-Layer Theory. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Siddiqui, M. H. K. & Loewen, M. R. 2007 Characteristics of the wind drift layer and microscale breaking waves. J. Fluid Mech. 573, 417–456.Google Scholar
Siddiqui, M. H. K. & Loewen, M. R. 2010 Phase-averaged flow properties beneath microscale breaking waves. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 134, 499–523.Google Scholar
Strand, Ø.1993 An experimental investigation of stratified two-phase flow in horizontal pipes. PhD thesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.Google Scholar
Vestøl, S. & Melaaen, M. 2007 PIV and gamma measurements of stratified unprocessed gas flow in a horizontal and near horizontal test pipe. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Multiphase Prod. Technol., pp. 237–250. BHR Group.Google Scholar
Wygnanski, I. J. & Champagne, F. H. 1973 On transition in a pipe. Part 1. The origins of puffs and slugs and the flow in a turbulent slug. J. Fluid Mech. 59 (2), 281–335.Google Scholar
Zhou, J., Adrian, R. J., Balachandar, S. & Kendall, T. M. 1999 Mechanisms for generating coherent packets of hairpin vortices in channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 387, 353–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar