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Near-wall effect on vortex dynamics in the flow around a rectangular cylinder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 May 2025

Jiang-Hua Li ,
Bo-Fu Wang Open the ORCID record for Bo-Fu Wang [Opens in a new window] ,
Xiang Qiu ,
Quan Zhou Open the ORCID record for Quan Zhou [Opens in a new window] ,
Shi-Xiao Fu  and
Yu-Lu Liu
Jiang-Hua Li
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, PR China School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, PR China School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
Bo-Fu Wang*
Affiliation:
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
Xiang Qiu
Affiliation:
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, PR China School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
Quan Zhou
Affiliation:
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
Shi-Xiao Fu*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, PR China School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
Yu-Lu Liu
Affiliation:
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, PR China School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
*
Corresponding authors: Bo-Fu Wang, bofuwang@shu.edu.cn; Shi-Xiao Fu, shixiao.fu@sjtu.edu.cn
Corresponding authors: Bo-Fu Wang, bofuwang@shu.edu.cn; Shi-Xiao Fu, shixiao.fu@sjtu.edu.cn
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Abstract

This study presents a novel investigation into the vortex dynamics of flow around a near-wall rectangular cylinder based on direct numerical simulation at $Re=1000$, marking the first in-depth exploration of these phenomena. By varying aspect ratios ($L/D = 5$, $10$, $15$) and gap ratios ($G/D = 0.1$, $0.3$, $0.9$), the study reveals the vortex dynamics influenced by the near-wall effect, considering the incoming laminar boundary layer flow. Both $L/D$ and $G/D$ significantly influence vortex dynamics, leading to behaviours not observed in previous bluff body flows. As $G/D$ increases, the streamwise scale of the upper leading edge (ULE) recirculation grows, delaying flow reattachment. At smaller $G/D$, lower leading edge (LLE) recirculation is suppressed, with upper Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices merging to form the ULE vortex, followed by instability, differing from conventional flow dynamics. Larger $G/D$ promotes the formation of an LLE shear layer. An intriguing finding at $L/D = 5$ and $G/D = 0.1$ is the backward flow of fluid from the downstream region to the upper side of the cylinder. At $G/D = 0.3$, double-trailing-edge vortices emerge for larger $L/D$, with two distinct flow behaviours associated with two interactions between gap flow and wall recirculation. These interactions lead to different multiple flow separations. For $G/D = 0.9$, the secondary vortex (SV) from the plate wall induces the formation of a tertiary vortex from the lower side of the cylinder. Double-SVs are observed at $L/D = 5$. Frequency locking is observed in most cases, but is suppressed at $L/D = 10$ and $G/D = 0.9$, where competing shedding modes lead to two distinct evolutions of the SV.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer separation Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics Vortex Flows: Vortex interactions

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JFM Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1011 , 25 May 2025 , A21
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© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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