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Self-propelled jumping upon drop coalescence on Leidenfrost surfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2014

Fangjie Liu ,
Giovanni Ghigliotti ,
James J. Feng Open the ORCID record for James J. Feng [Opens in a new window]  and
Chuan-Hua Chen
Fangjie Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
Giovanni Ghigliotti
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z2
James J. Feng
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
Chuan-Hua Chen*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: chuanhua.chen@duke.edu
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Abstract

Self-propelled jumping upon drop coalescence has been observed on a variety of textured superhydrophobic surfaces, where the jumping motion follows the capillary–inertial velocity scaling as long as the drop radius is above a threshold. In this paper, we report an experimental study of the self-propelled jumping on a Leidenfrost surface, where the heated substrate gives rise to a vapour layer on which liquid drops float. For the coalescence of identical water drops, we have tested initial drop radii ranging from 20 to $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}500\ \mu \mathrm{m}$, where the lower bound is related to the spontaneous takeoff of individual drops and the upper bound to gravitational effects. Regardless of the approaching velocity prior to coalescence, the measured jumping velocity is around 0.2 when scaled by the capillary–inertial velocity. This constant non-dimensional velocity holds for the experimentally accessible range of drop radii, and we have found no cutoff radius for the scaling, in contrast to prior experiments on textured superhydrophobic surfaces. The Leidenfrost experiments quantitatively agree with our numerical simulations of drop coalescence on a flat surface with a contact angle of 180°, suggesting that the cutoff is likely to be due to drop–surface interactions unique to the textured superhydrophobic surfaces.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Breakup/coalescence Phase change: Condensation/evaporation Drops and Bubbles: Drops and Bubbles
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 752 , 10 August 2014 , pp. 22 - 38
Copyright
© 2014 Cambridge University Press 

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Footnotes

‡

Present address: Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7336, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice CEDEX 2, France.

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Liu et al. supplementary movie

Coalescence on a Leidenfrost surface (figure3a): r=22um, duration=10ms.

Download Liu et al. supplementary movie(Video)
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Liu et al. supplementary movie

Coalescence on a Leidenfrost surface (figure 4): r=380um, duration=13.3ms.

Download Liu et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 212.2 KB

Liu et al. supplementary movie

Simulated coalescence on a non-wetting surface (figure 6): r=380um, duration=6.6ms.

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Video 799.4 KB

Liu et al. supplementary movie

Simulated coalescence on a non-wetting surface (figure 6): r=380um, duration=6.6ms.

Download Liu et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 975.8 KB

Liu et al. supplementary movie

Spontaneous takeoff of an individual Leidenfrost drop (figure 9): r=13um, duration=6.5ms.

Download Liu et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 27.3 KB

Liu et al. supplementary movie

Asymmetric coalescence on a Leidenfrost surface (figure 10): r0=330um, r1=190um, duration=13.75ms.

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Video 76.4 KB