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Start-up flow in shallow deformable microchannels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2019

Alejandro Martínez-Calvo Open the ORCID record for Alejandro Martínez-Calvo [Opens in a new window] ,
Alejandro Sevilla Open the ORCID record for Alejandro Sevilla [Opens in a new window] ,
Gunnar G. Peng Open the ORCID record for Gunnar G. Peng [Opens in a new window]  and
Howard A. Stone Open the ORCID record for Howard A. Stone [Opens in a new window]
Alejandro Martínez-Calvo*
Affiliation:
Grupo de Mecánica de Fluidos, Departamento de Ingeniería Térmica y de Fluidos, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés (Madrid), Spain
Alejandro Sevilla
Affiliation:
Grupo de Mecánica de Fluidos, Departamento de Ingeniería Térmica y de Fluidos, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés (Madrid), Spain
Gunnar G. Peng
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, CambridgeCB3 0WA, UK
Howard A. Stone
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: amcalvo@ing.uc3m.es
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Abstract

Microfluidic systems are usually fabricated with soft materials that deform due to the fluid stresses. Recent experimental and theoretical studies on the steady flow in shallow deformable microchannels have shown that the flow rate is a nonlinear function of the pressure drop due to the deformation of the upper soft wall. Here, we extend the steady theory of Christov et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 841, 2018, pp. 267–286) by considering the start-up flow from rest, both in pressure-controlled and in flow-rate-controlled configurations. The characteristic scales and relevant parameters governing the transient flow are first identified, followed by the development of an unsteady lubrication theory assuming that the inertia of the fluid is negligible, and that the upper wall can be modelled as an elastic plate under pure bending satisfying the Kirchhoff–Love equation. The model is governed by two non-geometrical dimensionless numbers: a compliance parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$, which compares the characteristic displacement of the upper wall with the undeformed channel height, and a parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ that compares the inertia of the solid with its flexural rigidity. In the limit of negligible solid inertia, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\rightarrow 0$, a quasi-steady model is developed, whereby the fluid pressure satisfies a nonlinear diffusion equation, with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ as the only parameter, which admits a self-similar solution under pressure-controlled conditions. This simplified lubrication description is validated with coupled three-dimensional numerical simulations of the Navier equations for the elastic solid and the Navier–Stokes equations for the fluid. The agreement is very good when the hypotheses behind the model are satisfied. Unexpectedly, we find fair agreement even in cases where the solid and liquid inertia cannot be neglected.

JFM classification

Micro-/Nano-fluid dynamics: Microfluidics Low-Reynolds-number flows: Lubrication theory
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 885 , 25 February 2020 , A25
Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press

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