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Transition to turbulence in pulsating pipe flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2017

Duo Xu ,
Sascha Warnecke ,
Baofang Song ,
Xingyu Ma  and
Björn Hof Open the ORCID record for Björn Hof [Opens in a new window]
Duo Xu*
Affiliation:
IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37073 Göttingen, Germany Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Sascha Warnecke
Affiliation:
IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Baofang Song
Affiliation:
IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
Xingyu Ma
Affiliation:
IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
Björn Hof
Affiliation:
IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
*
†Email address for correspondence: duo.xu@fau.de
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Abstract

Fluid flows in nature and applications are frequently subject to periodic velocity modulations. Surprisingly, even for the generic case of flow through a straight pipe, there is little consensus regarding the influence of pulsation on the transition threshold to turbulence: while most studies predict a monotonically increasing threshold with pulsation frequency (i.e. Womersley number, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$), others observe a decreasing threshold for identical parameters and only observe an increasing threshold at low $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$. In the present study we apply recent advances in the understanding of transition in steady shear flows to pulsating pipe flow. For moderate pulsation amplitudes we find that the first instability encountered is subcritical (i.e. requiring finite amplitude disturbances) and gives rise to localized patches of turbulence (‘puffs’) analogous to steady pipe flow. By monitoring the impact of pulsation on the lifetime of turbulence we map the onset of turbulence in parameter space. Transition in pulsatile flow can be separated into three regimes. At small Womersley numbers the dynamics is dominated by the decay turbulence suffers during the slower part of the cycle and hence transition is delayed significantly. As shown in this regime thresholds closely agree with estimates based on a quasi-steady flow assumption only taking puff decay rates into account. The transition point predicted in the zero $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ limit equals to the critical point for steady pipe flow offset by the oscillation Reynolds number (i.e. the dimensionless oscillation amplitude). In the high frequency limit on the other hand, puff lifetimes are identical to those in steady pipe flow and hence the transition threshold appears to be unaffected by flow pulsation. In the intermediate frequency regime the transition threshold sharply drops (with increasing $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$) from the decay dominated (quasi-steady) threshold to the steady pipe flow level.

JFM classification

Instability: Instability Instability: Transition to turbulence
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 831 , 25 November 2017 , pp. 418 - 432
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© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

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